M1S1 Flashcards
Is a longitudinal, mechanical wave. It is caused by back and forth vibration of the particles of the medium through which the sound wave is moving.
Sound
A science term for vibration per second is?
Hertz
The Hertz/Hz term is named after?
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
Has a regular vibration rate (periodic vibration/Harmonic sounds)
Music Sounds
Has irregular vibration rates (aperiodic/inharmonic sounds)
Human speech
Sounds that human ears can’t detect.
Inaudible sounds
The human ear can hear frequencies between? How many Hz?
20Hz to 20kHz
Sounds that are below 20Hz Frequency are called?
infrasonic
Sounds that are above 20KHz frequency are called
Ultrasonic
Attributes of sound perception (6)
- Pitch
- Loudness
- Timbre
- Duration
- Articulation
- Diffusion
Attributes of sound perception:
Perception of high and low sounds
Pitch
Attributes of sound perception:
Also know as (amplitude). The intensity of a sounds
Loudness
Attributes of sound perception:
(Color or quality of sound) the perceive quality of any sounds multiple frequencies changing through time. When you are hearing a singing tone, you’re hearing multiple different pitches that the brain interprets as one.
Timbre
Attributes of sound perception:
(Length) not fixed, but something we perceive; our senses of “slowness” vs “fastness” tends to be relative to our heartbeat.
Duration
Attributes of sound perception:
“Envelope” of a sound; first few millisecond of a sound, its attack, changes with different instrument.
Articulation
Attributes of sound perception:
Sound spatialization; our brain interpret where sounds is coming from; associated with reverberation time; perception of how near or far away a sound source is.
Diffusion
Refers to the waves that travels through the air and the are received by the ear, human or otherwise.
Sounds
Refers to sounds that has been, in some way or another, be it digital or analog, processed electronically
Audio
Are cyclical; that is; they proceed through regular cycles or repetition.
Audio waveforms
Is defined as how far along its cycle a given waveform is.
Phase
The measurement of phase is given in degrees, with “_______” being one complete cycle.
360 degrees
One concern with phase becomes apparent when mixing together two waveforms. If these waveforms are “_____________”, or delayed with respect to one another, there will be some cancellation
Out of phase
Is the rate at which the samples are captured or played back, measured in Hz, or sample per second.
Sample Rate
An Audio CD has a sample rate of?
44,100Hz, often written as 44kHz
The sampling rate should be at least “______________” frequency you want to represent.
Twice the highest
Sample Rates (6)
- 33kHz
- 44.1KHz
- 48kHz
- 88.2KHz
- 96KHz
- 176kHz and 192KHz
Sample Rate:
Typically used in digital broadcast and satellite transmission
32KHz
Sample Rate:
The sample rate for CDs and most consumer digital audio
44.1KHz
Sample Rate:
The most common sample rate used in broadcast videos.
48KHz
Sample Rate:
Some engineers claim this sounds better than 44.1KHz but is rarely used.
88.2KHz
Sample Rate:
Sometimes used in DVDs and other high-end audio recording processes.
96KHz
Sample Rate:
These ultra-High sample rates generate much larger files and stress your computer more yet offer no significant audio advantage.
176kHz and 192kHz
Refers to the number of bit you have to capture audio. Series of levels, that audio energy can be sliced at any given moment in time.
Bit Depth
What is DAW?
Digital Audio Workstation
Is a computer program that is exclusively designed for recording, editing and playing digital audio files.
Digital Audio Workstation
Allows you to edit and mix multiple audio sources simultaneously on a music timing grid and to visually see hoe they line up over time.
Digital Audio Workstation
Components of DAW (5)
- Computer
- Digital Audio Software
- Digital Audio Interface
- Plug-ins
- DSP Acceleration
Components of DAW:
Heart of the DAW system. It will determine how many tracks you can record and play at once, how many plug-ins you can apply in real time, how long edits will take and more.
Computer
Components of DAW:
The Software you choose is the brain. Finding an application that works in the way you prefer to work.
Digital Audio Software
Components of DAW:
Getting sound in and sound out of the computer and software. Will provide two inputs and outputs, in analog an/or digital formats.
Digital audio interface
Components of DAW:
Are small “helper” software program that work inside your main recording software and extend its capability.
Plug-ins
Components of DAW:
If you find yourself running out of computer power; allows to run more plug-ins without overloading the computer
DSP Acceleration
Audio Interface connectors (5)
- XLR Jack
- 1/4 Inch phone jack
- Combo jack
- RCA Phono Jack
- 1/8inch minijack
Audio Interface connectors:
This is capable with microphones and other balanced-line signals. Balanced lines use 3 conductors, which can be designed to minimize hum and noise pickup when carrying low-level signals.
XLR jack
Audio Interface connectors:
This is common to musical instrument and much pro audio gear. The jack can handle balance or unbalanced lines; balance line inputs can handle unbalance line as well
1/4 inch phone jack
Audio Interface connectors:
A fairly recent introduction, a “____________” can accept either an XLR or 1/4inch phone plug
Combo jack
Audio Interface connectors:
A mainstay of consumer gear, “___________” are also found in some DJ audio interfaces and video equipment.
RCA phono jack
Audio Interface connectors:
This is common for on-board computer audio, but rare for external interfaces expect when included to interface with MP3 players and similar consumer devices
1/8inch minijack
Means that once a file has been compressed, it can’t be returned to its original uncompressed form from the content of the compressed file.
Lossy
Means that an uncompressed version of data can be generated from the compressed form. This is a two way, reversible transformation.
Lossless
Is a special piece of software that’s used to translate uncompressed data into a compressed into a compressed form for storage, and to decompress that compressed form for access or playback.
Codec
Describe the speed that sound data is played back.
Bit Rate
Is how many computer bits are used for each sample in a waveform. (How precisely a sound is represented in digital audio)
Bit depth
