M1L2: School of Thought in Psychology

Question 1

This study deals with the structure of mental life

Answer 1

Structuralism

Question 2

Structuralist hoped to analyze experience into?

Answer 2

basic “elements” or “building blocks”

Question 3

Structuralism is concerned with?

Answer 3

sensation and personal experience analyses into basic element

Question 4

who called Wundt’s ideas structuralism?

Answer 4

Edward B. Titchener

Question 5

an American scholar who broadened psychology to include animal behavior, religious experience, abnormal behavior and other interesting topics

Answer 5

William James

Question 6

Functionalism include?

Answer 6

1.) animal behavior
2.) religious experience
3.) abnormal behavior

Question 7

This book helped establish the field as a serious discipline.

Answer 7

Principles of Psychology (1890) by William James

Question 8

Principles of Psychology is concerned with?

Answer 8

How behavior and mental abilities help people adapt to their environments

Question 9

As claimed by structuralists, this is an ever-changing stream or flow of images and sensations not a set of lifeless building blocks

Answer 9

Consciousness

Question 10

Who brought the study of animals into psychology?

Answer 10

William James

Question 11

This book also promoted educational psychology (the study of learning, teaching, classroom dynamics, and related topics).

Answer 11

Principles of Psychology

Question 12

known as the study of overt, “observable behavior”

Answer 12

Behaviorism

Question 13

who objected strongly to the study of the “mind” or “conscious experience.”?

Answer 13

John B. Watson

Question 14

John B. Watson realized that he could not study animals even though he couldn’t ask them questions, or know what they were thinking.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

John B. Watson observed relationship between:

Answer 15

stimuli (events in the environment) and
an animal’s response (any muscular action, glandular activity, or others indetifiable behavior)

Question 16

John B. Watson adopted the concept of whom?

Answer 16

Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist

Question 17

What is Pavlov’s concept?

Answer 17

Conditioning, to explain most behavior (a conditioned response is a learned reaction to a particular stimulus)

Question 18

Who said “In order to understand behavior we must take into account what the environment does to an organism before and after it responds.”

Answer 18

B.F. Skinner

Question 19

This word means form, pattern, or whole

Answer 19

Gestalt, German word

Question 20

a German psychologist who advance the Gestalt viewpoint

Answer 20

Max Wertheimer

Question 21

He said that it is a mistake to analyze psychological events into pieces or “elements”, as the structuralist did.

Answer 21

Max Wertheimer

Question 22

A school of psychology emphasizing the study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts.

Answer 22

Gestalt Psychology

Question 23

an Austrian doctor who believed that mental life is like an iceberg

Answer 23

Sigmund Freud

Question 24

What is the meaning of iceberg?

Answer 24

Only a small part is exposed to view

Question 25

the area of the mind that lies outside of personal awareness

Answer 25

The unconscious

Question 26

Our behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious thoughts, impulses, and desires especially those concerning sex and aggression

Answer 26

Id

Question 27

Freud theorized that many unconscious thoughts are?

Answer 27

threatening; hence, they are repressed (held out of awarenes))

Question 28

But sometimes, he said, unconscious thoughts are revealed by dreams, emotions, or?

Answer 28

slips of the tongue (“Freudian slips” are often humorous)

Question 29

All thoughts, emotions, and actions are determined. Nothing is an accident.

Answer 29

Freud

Question 30

among the first to appreciate that childhood affects adult personality (“The child is father to the man”).

Answer 30

Freud

Question 31

Freud is also known for creating?

Answer 31

psychoanalysis

Question 32

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 32

the first “talking theraphy”

Question 33

Method of psychotherapy explores?

Answer 33

unconscious conflicts and emotional problems

Question 34

This is a view that focuses on understanding subjective human experience.

Answer 34

Humanism

Question 35

As a group, humanistic psychologists are interested in?

Answer 35

1.) human problems
2.) potentials
3.) ideals

Question 36

Humanists stress:

Answer 36

1.) free will

Question 37

This is the ability to make voluntary choices

Answer 37

Free will

Question 38

This helped stimulate interest in psychological needs for love, self-esteem, belonging, self-expression, creativity, and spirituality.

Answer 38

Free will, humanism

Question 39

They seek to understand how people perceived themselves and experience the world

Answer 39

Humanists

Question 40

Humanists stress subjective factors such as:

Answer 40

1.) self-image
2.) self-evaluation
3.) frame of reference

Question 41

It is your perception of your own body, personality, and capabilities

Answer 41

Self-image

Question 42

refers to the positive and negative feelings you have about yourself

Answer 42

Self-evaluation

Question 43

is a mental or emotional perspective used for evaluating events

Answer 43

Frame of reference

Question 44

It is the ability to become the best version of oneself.

Answer 44

Self-actualization

Question 45

In 1970, who proposed self-actualization?

Answer 45

Abraham Maslow

Question 46

It refers to developing one’s potential fully and becoming the best person possible.

Answer 46

Self-actualization

Question 47

Maslow stated “This tendency might be phrased as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming.”

Answer 47

True

Question 48

We all hold different values, desires, and capacities.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

School of Psychology includes:

Answer 49

1.) Structuralism
2.) Functionalism
3.) Behaviorism
4.) Cognitivism
5.) Gestalt
6.) Humanism
7.) Psychoanalytic