M1L2: School of Thought in Psychology Flashcards
This study deals with the structure of mental life
Structuralism
Structuralist hoped to analyze experience into?
basic “elements” or “building blocks”
Structuralism is concerned with?
sensation and personal experience analyses into basic element
who called Wundt’s ideas structuralism?
Edward B. Titchener
an American scholar who broadened psychology to include animal behavior, religious experience, abnormal behavior and other interesting topics
William James
Functionalism include?
1.) animal behavior
2.) religious experience
3.) abnormal behavior
This book helped establish the field as a serious discipline.
Principles of Psychology (1890) by William James
Principles of Psychology is concerned with?
How behavior and mental abilities help people adapt to their environments
As claimed by structuralists, this is an ever-changing stream or flow of images and sensations not a set of lifeless building blocks
Consciousness
Who brought the study of animals into psychology?
William James
This book also promoted educational psychology (the study of learning, teaching, classroom dynamics, and related topics).
Principles of Psychology
known as the study of overt, “observable behavior”
Behaviorism
who objected strongly to the study of the “mind” or “conscious experience.”?
John B. Watson
John B. Watson realized that he could not study animals even though he couldn’t ask them questions, or know what they were thinking.
False
John B. Watson observed relationship between:
stimuli (events in the environment) and
an animal’s response (any muscular action, glandular activity, or others indetifiable behavior)
John B. Watson adopted the concept of whom?
Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist
What is Pavlov’s concept?
Conditioning, to explain most behavior (a conditioned response is a learned reaction to a particular stimulus)
Who said “In order to understand behavior we must take into account what the environment does to an organism before and after it responds.”
B.F. Skinner
This word means form, pattern, or whole
Gestalt, German word
a German psychologist who advance the Gestalt viewpoint
Max Wertheimer
He said that it is a mistake to analyze psychological events into pieces or “elements”, as the structuralist did.
Max Wertheimer
A school of psychology emphasizing the study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts.
Gestalt Psychology
an Austrian doctor who believed that mental life is like an iceberg
Sigmund Freud
What is the meaning of iceberg?
Only a small part is exposed to view
the area of the mind that lies outside of personal awareness
The unconscious
Our behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious thoughts, impulses, and desires especially those concerning sex and aggression
Id
Freud theorized that many unconscious thoughts are?
threatening; hence, they are repressed (held out of awarenes))
But sometimes, he said, unconscious thoughts are revealed by dreams, emotions, or?
slips of the tongue (“Freudian slips” are often humorous)
All thoughts, emotions, and actions are determined. Nothing is an accident.
Freud
among the first to appreciate that childhood affects adult personality (“The child is father to the man”).
Freud
Freud is also known for creating?
psychoanalysis
What is psychoanalysis?
the first “talking theraphy”
Method of psychotherapy explores?
unconscious conflicts and emotional problems
This is a view that focuses on understanding subjective human experience.
Humanism
As a group, humanistic psychologists are interested in?
1.) human problems
2.) potentials
3.) ideals
Humanists stress:
1.) free will
This is the ability to make voluntary choices
Free will
This helped stimulate interest in psychological needs for love, self-esteem, belonging, self-expression, creativity, and spirituality.
Free will, humanism
They seek to understand how people perceived themselves and experience the world
Humanists
Humanists stress subjective factors such as:
1.) self-image
2.) self-evaluation
3.) frame of reference
It is your perception of your own body, personality, and capabilities
Self-image
refers to the positive and negative feelings you have about yourself
Self-evaluation
is a mental or emotional perspective used for evaluating events
Frame of reference
It is the ability to become the best version of oneself.
Self-actualization
In 1970, who proposed self-actualization?
Abraham Maslow
It refers to developing one’s potential fully and becoming the best person possible.
Self-actualization
Maslow stated “This tendency might be phrased as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming.”
True
We all hold different values, desires, and capacities.
True
School of Psychology includes:
1.) Structuralism
2.) Functionalism
3.) Behaviorism
4.) Cognitivism
5.) Gestalt
6.) Humanism
7.) Psychoanalytic
