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M17 > M17.2 Construction > Flashcards

M17.2 Construction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 categories of propeller constructions?

A

. Wooden
. Composite
. Metal propellers

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2
Q

What two types of metal are used for metal propellor?

A

. Aluminium alloy
. Steel

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3
Q

What types of wood are used on wooden prop?

A

. Birch
. Mahogany
. Cherry
. ash
. beech
. Oak
. Walnut

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4
Q

What is the most common type of wood used?

A

Birch

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5
Q

At least 5 laters of wood are layer down and then glued together, what does this from?

A

A blank that is roughly shaped

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6
Q

How long is a blank left to sit?

A

7 days then formed a white

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7
Q

What is applied after white?

A

A cotton fabric sheathing applied to the outer 12-15 inches of the tip to reinforce the strength of thin section

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8
Q

How can you protect the fabric from deterioration of weather?

A

Doping it

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9
Q

What is tipping?

A

A metal tip strip is rebated into the leading edge of the propeller to prevent damage from small stones

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10
Q

What 5 metals are used for tipping?

A

. Brass
. Stainless steel
. Monel
. Terndplate

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11
Q

How is the tipping secured to the blade?

A

Using countersink screws at the thick blade section

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12
Q

What is the last stage of wooden propeller construction?

A

It is balanced and then a finishing coat is added

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13
Q

What are the advatanges of composite propellers?

A

Lightweight and stronger than metal props

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14
Q

What de icing do composite props use?

A

Have an external boot but some do have internal heating elements

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15
Q

What is the basic composition of a composite prop?

A

. The spar is made from titanium, aluminium alloy of stainless steel. It runs through tye centre of the blade
. It then has low density foam or honeycomb in front and behind as it’s filling material.
. With fibreglass, Kevlar or carbon fibre shell

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16
Q

How do composites without a metal spar work?

A

There are two carbon fibre components in the blade which form the spar, it’s then hollow centre is filled with polyurethane foam

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17
Q

What is the most common propeller used?

A

Aluminium alloy propeller

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18
Q

Once the aluminium prop has been grounded to final size what happens next?

A

Pre balanced by hand and anodising is taken place

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19
Q

Where are steel props normally found?

A

Older aircraft

20
Q

What is the construction of steel props?

A

Hollow steel propellers are made from folded sheet welded over a ribbed structure which is foam filled in the outer section of the blade

21
Q

What does the propeller blade station denote?

A

The location of various points on a prop blade.
Numbered 1 onwards from root to tip

22
Q

What does the prop master reference station denote?

A

A distance measured from the centre of rotation where all measurements are taken.
. 75% from the centre of rotation in a fixed pitch propeller.
. 50-75% for variable pitch prop

23
Q

What does propeller blade angle denote?

A

The angle between the blade chord line and the plane of rotation

24
Q

What does propeller face denote?

A

The flat thrust producing side of a propeller blade

25
Q

What does the propeller blade root/shank denote?

A

The thickened portion of the blade nearest to the hub

26
Q

What does propeller blade butt denote?

A

The base of the propeller blade where the root ends

27
Q

What does propeller back denote?

A

The curved side of the propeller blade facing the direction of flight

28
Q

What does propeller hub denote?

A

Central portion of a propeller which carries tye blades

29
Q

What does the dome assembly denote?

A

Encases the pitch change mechanism

30
Q

What type of pitch propeller is more favourable?

A

Fixed pitch propellers, decrease maintenance, less cost

31
Q

Can you change the angle on a fixed pitch propeller?

A

No, it is only set to one specific angle

32
Q

What is the optimum angle of attack for fixed pitch propellers?

A

4 degrees, which maximum RPM is available

33
Q

What are ground- adjustable propellers designed for?

A

So blade angle can be adjusted on the ground to give the desired performance characteristics for various conditions

34
Q

What type of aircraft are ground- adjustable propellers found on?

A

Older aircraft of low - moderate performance

35
Q

What is the angle range for ground- adjustable propellers?

A

7-15 degrees

36
Q

What must you use to check the blade angle?

A

A propeller protractor at the master reference station

37
Q

What is the allowable blade angle differences on ground- adjustment propellers?

A

No more than 0.1 degrees

38
Q

What are the two different types of controllable - pitch propellers?

A

. Controllable pitch propellers
. Variable pitch propeller

39
Q

What does the controllable pitch propellers allow?

A

The pilot to change the pitch of the blades in flight

40
Q

How many different pitch stages do controllable pitch propellers have?

A

2 - high and low pitch
Whereas the variable can adjust to any pitch

41
Q

What two controls does a controllable pitch propeller have?

A

. Throttle control - which controls the power output of engine, register on the manifold pressure gauge
. Propeller control - regulates the engine RPM and in turn the propeller RPM.

42
Q

What is a constant speeding propeller designed to do?

A

To automatically change it blade pitch to allow it to maintain a constant RPM

43
Q

What is the constant speeding propeller governed by?

A

. A constant speed unit or propeller governor

44
Q

What principle does the constant speed unit work on?

A

. Centrifugal force
Incorporates a speeder spring and a set of fly weights

45
Q

What are the advantages of a constant speed propellor?

A

. Maximum power in a narrow speed band
. Allows efficient use
. Allows prop and engine to be set at an optimum

46
Q

Why do we have mounted spinner?

A

For better aerodynamics and as a mechanical protection for the hub and aesthetic reasons

47
Q

What happens if there are cracks in the blade recesses if spinners.

A

Repairs are limited, must be replaced.
(Drill stoping a crack is allowed)

M17 (12 decks)

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