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M11.1-11.4 > m11.2 > Flashcards

m11.2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is PSE

A

principle structural elements- part of the a/c that contributes significantly to carrying flight and ground loads

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2
Q

flight limit loads

A

the maximum loads expected in a service

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3
Q

ultimate limit loads

A

flight limit loads multiplied by a factor of safety

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4
Q

where can criteria for structural requirements be found

A

CS-25

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5
Q

What are the 5 types of stresses

A

1- tension
2- compression
3- torsion
4- shear
5- bending

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6
Q

whats special about bending

A

it is a combination of tension and compression

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7
Q

what are the three structural categories

A

1- primary structure
2- secondary structure
3- tertiary structure

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8
Q

secondary structure

A

less prone to weakening, wing ribs stringers etc

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9
Q

tertiary structure

A

lightly stressed elements, fairing fillets

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10
Q

what is fail safe

A

relies on duplication of certain structural members, if one fails the other takes on the load

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11
Q

what is the disadvantage of fail safe

A

the additional weight

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12
Q

what is safe life

A
  • based on predicting how long a structure will last
  • by submitting it to stating and dynamic load testing or fatigue testing
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13
Q

what be calculated by using fail safe

A

max cycles, operating hours

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14
Q

what is damage tolerance

A

uses static and dynamic testing to show the structure can withstand even higher loads than required

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15
Q

when is damage detected for damage tolerance

A

during routine inspection intervals

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16
Q

what are the 5 main structural units

A
  • fuselage
  • wings
  • stabilizers
  • flight control surfaces
  • landing gears
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17
Q

what are the reference planes

A

vertical, horizontal and longitudinal planes

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18
Q

how many major zones are there

A

8

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19
Q

what is zone 100

A

lower fuselage

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19
Q

what is zone 300

A

empennage

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19
Q

what is zone 500

A

left wing

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20
Q

what is zone 400

A

power plants and struts

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20
Q

how are sub major zones identified

A

the second digit of the number code

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20
Q

what is zone 800

A

doors

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20
Q

how are sub major zones on the right identified

A

even numbers

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21
Q

what is zone 700

A

landing gear and LG doors

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22
Q

how are zones identified

A

the 3rd digit of the number code

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23
Q

what is a body station or fuselage station

A

a vertical plane at a right angle to the body centreline

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24
Q

what are buttock lines

A

vertical planes parallel to the body centreline

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25
Q

what is buttock line 0 also known as

A

body centreline

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26
Q

what is the abbrevieation for left body buttock line

A

L BBL

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27
Q

What are warterlines

A

horizontal planes at a right angle to the body station and buttock lines

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28
Q

where can the numbering for a/c stations be found

A

chapter 6 amm

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28
Q

what is hoop stress

A

axial and circumfrencial stress that takes place in a cyclinder

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28
Q

what is used to prevent loss of air during pressurisation

A

bilge like valves

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29
Q

what is fatigue

A

the effect of cyclic or alternating loads on structural components

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29
Q

where are drain holes located

A

various positions on the lower fuselage

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29
Q

when would the bilge valve be open

A

when the cabin is depressurised

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29
Q

what are vent pipes used for

A

vent flammable vapours

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29
Q

what are ram air inlets and exit points used for in terms of ventilation

A

to enable a full flow of fresh air

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30
Q

where are ventilation requirements found

A

CS-25

31
Q

what are LRUs

A

line replaceable units

32
Q

how must LRUs be designed

A

to allow for quick fit and removal

33
Q

what 2 things should be done after a lightning strike

A

general walk around inspection

find signs of damage through detailed instruction

34
Q

what is direct damage

A

surface burns
metallic distortions

35
Q

what is indirect damage

A

damage to the electrical system

36
Q

how big are holes from normal lightning strikes

A

3mm

37
Q

how big are holes from high intensity lightning strikes

A

6mm

38
Q

what are the most common areas for lightning strikes

A

fuselage nose section
trailing edges
extremities of the wings and stabilisers

39
Q

what is bonding

A

the act of joining 2 electrical conductors together to bring them to the same potential difference

40
Q

what is grounding

A

the process of connecting conductive objects to either a conductive structure to complete a circuit

41
Q

what are the reasons for a/c bonding

A
  • minimise radio interference
  • eliminate fire hazards
  • minimise the damage to the a/c
  • provide low resistance return path
  • provides shielding
42
Q

conditions for grounding

A

grounds must be separated

no more than 4 studs per terminal

dual grounds must be in fuel vapour areas

43
Q

what are the 2 types of bonding

A

direct
indirect

44
Q

what is direct bonding

A

done by exposing the mesh and mounting the equipment directly onto a conductive path

45
Q

what is indirect bonding

A

achieved by exposing the mesh and installing a bonding wire and connector

46
Q

bonding resistances should not exceed

A

0.025 ohms

47
Q

what are frames/formers

A

lateral fuselage members that give cross sectional shape

48
Q

what are longerons

A

main longitudinal member of fuselage, that take primary bending loads

49
Q

what are bulkheads

A

these give shape, but are used to close of or partition an area

50
Q

what are used to connect stringers and fames

A

clips or cleats

51
Q

what are stringers

A

smaller and lighter longerons that act as stiffeners. they also assist the sheet materials to carry loads along there length

52
Q

what are struts

A

load bearing components, that handle compression forces (aluminium/composite)

53
Q

what are doublers

A

these are additional sections or material used to reinforce areas of skin that need more strength

54
Q

what are some doublers also known as

A

crack stoppers

55
Q

what are ties

A

also known as tie rods or tension members, to prevent excessive deformation

56
Q

what are ties usually made from

A

steel or titanium

56
Q

what is the floorboard construction

A

honeycomb composite, screwed down by nut clips

57
Q

describe the truss type construction

A
  • members like beams, struts, and bars
  • often covered with fabric
  • constructed with steel tube welded together
57
Q

what happens to floorboards in wet areas

A

they are sealed to prevent corrosion

58
Q

what are the 2 types of fuselage construction

A
  • truss type
  • monocoque type
59
Q

what are the 2 classes of monocoque construction

A
  • True monocoque
  • Semi monocoque (more common)
60
Q

true monocoque

A

uses formers and frames

but the skin carries the primary stresses

61
Q

semi monocoque

A

loads are shared between skin and framework

also known as stressed skin structure

62
Q

types of anti corrosion surfaces treatmeants

A

painting, anodising, sealants

63
Q

corrosion protection methods

A

cladding and plating

64
Q

what does a wing construction consist of

A

main spar
rear spar
formers called ribs
false spar

65
Q

how are both wings attatched to each other

A

via the wing box

66
Q

what is the wing box designed to do

A

support the wing and is supported by a keel beam

67
Q

3 types of surface protection

A

pre-treament
paint coating
special coating

68
Q

types of pre treatment

A

anodising
chromating

69
Q

2 types of paint coatings

A

primer- increases corrosion resistance
top coat protects the layers of primer

70
Q

what are the 2 types of special coatings

A

type 1 and type 2

71
Q

type 1 special coating is…

A

water repellent, made from silicone free materials

72
Q

type 2 special coating is…

A

heavy duty corrosion preventative

73
Q

what are the 3 methods of exterior a/c cleaning

A

1 wet washing
2 dry washing
3 polishing (hand/mechanical)

74
Q

what is a wet wash used for

A

removing oil, grease, carbon deposits as well as most dirt apart from corrosion and oxide films

75
Q

what is a dry wash used for

A

to remove aircraft film, dust, dirt or soil.

dry wash materials are applied with spray, mops or cloth

76
Q

what is polishing used for

A

this can restore brightness/colour to painted and unpainted surfaces

normally done after the a/c has been cleaned

77
Q

where can you find recommended cleaning solvents

A

relevant maintenance manual/COSHH/MSDS

78
Q

what materials can experience hydrogen embrittlement

A

some steels and titanium

79
Q

why must undiluted solvents not touch acrylic windows

A

crazing may occur

80
Q

when must snow and ice contaminated areas be washed

A

with clean water asap after exposure

81
Q

what are windows washed with

A

soap or a mild detergent in warm water

82
Q

for interior cleaning aids, why must they be applied in small amounts

A

prevent soaking the fabric or padding

83
Q

what must be done before checking the position or angle of main components

A

a/c must be jacked and levelled

84
Q

what must be used when trying to level an a/c

A

a plumb bob, hung from the ceiling of the a/c

85
Q

equipment for alignment checks can be found in

A

the manufacturers maintenance manual

86
Q

alignment checks include

A

wing dihedral angle
wing incidence angle
verticality of the fin
engine alignments
symmetry check
horizontal stabiliser incidence

87
Q

what can be used to check dihedral

A

a straight edge and inclinometer

88
Q

what is used to measure symmetry

A

steel tape and a spring scale for equal tension

M11.1-11.4 (4 decks)

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