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M1 Term 3 Finals Preparation > M1 Science 2 Term 3 Finals Vocab > Flashcards

M1 Science 2 Term 3 Finals Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the muscles in living organisms?

A

Proteins (meat, fish, eggs)

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2
Q

What is used as a source of fast energy?

A

Carbohydrates (rice, bread)

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3
Q

What makes up the bodies of living organisms?

A

Lipids (long-term energy)

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4
Q

What is needed to make proteins?

A

Amino Acids

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5
Q

What is the process of physically reducing the size of food called?

A

Mechanical Digestion (grinding)

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6
Q

What is the process of chemically breaking down food called?

A

Chemical Digestion (into small molecules)

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7
Q

What is the gentle squeezing motion that occurs in the Oesophagus called?

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

What is the inner wall of the small intestine covered in?

A

Villi

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9
Q

What is the name of the small pieces of protein that can help reaction in the body to happen?

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

What is the name of the enzymes that are made to fit with only one kind of molecule?

A

Substrate

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11
Q

How do enzymes work?

A

Lock-and-Key System

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12
Q

What enzyme turns starch into maltose?

A

Amylase (saliva)

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13
Q

What enzyme is contained in GASTRIC JUICE and turns proteins into peptides?

A

Pepsin (stomach)

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14
Q

What emulsifies fat so it can mix with water and other enzymes?

A

Bile (Gallbladder)

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15
Q

What enzyme turns maltose into glucose?

A

Maltase (Pancreas)

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16
Q

What enzyme turns protein into peptides and amino acids?

A

Trypsin (Pancreas)

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17
Q

What enzyme turns fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides?

A

Lipase (Pancreas)

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18
Q

What vessel is in the villi and carries lymph and white blood cells?

A

Lymphatic Vessels

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19
Q

What is glucose turned into in the liver?

A

Glycogen (muscles for energy)

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20
Q

What is it called when enzymes’ shapes change and can’t work anymore?

A

Denaturation

21
Q

What is the major liquid component of blood?

A

Plasma

22
Q

What is the name of the pieces of cells that are involved in blood clotting?

A

Platelets (smaller than Red and White)

23
Q

What is the name of the blood cells that carry oxygen and a protein called HAEMOGLOBIN

A

Red Blood Cells

24
Q

What is the name of the blood cells that work to kill bacteria and viruses in our body?

A

White Blood Cells (different shapes and sizes)

25
Q

What is the iron-containing molecules that can bond with oxygen and gives the red color to RBCs?

A

Haemoglobin

26
Q

What does plasma become when it leaks out of the capillaries?

A

Tissue Fluid (delivers nutrients, brings back waste)

27
Q

What does tissue fluid that goes into the lymphatic system become?

A

Lymph (contains immune system cells)

28
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that leads away from the heart called?

A

Arteries ( moves a lot of blood with high pressure)

29
Q

What is the name of the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

30
Q

What is the name of the blood vessel that allows nutrients and gases to be exchanged between cells and the blood stream?

A

Capillaries (smallest blood vessel)

31
Q

What is in veins and prevent blood from flowing the wrong way?

A

Valves

32
Q

What is the name of the top 2 chambers in the heart?

A

Atria (Atrium)

33
Q

What is the name of the bottom 2 chambers in the heart?

A

Ventricles

34
Q

What is the name of the main artery that sends blood to the body?

A

Aorta

35
Q

What is the name of the vein that carries the blood from the body to the heart?

A

Vena Cava (Superior,Inferior)

36
Q

What is the name of the circulatory system that pumps and receives oxygenated blood?

A

Body / Systemic Circuit
(Left Ventricle -> Aorta ->Whole Body->Vena Cava->Right Atrium)

37
Q

What is the name of the circulatory system that pumps and receives deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary Circuit
(Right Ventricle->Pulmonary Artery->Lung->Pulmonary Vein->Left Atrium)

38
Q

What is the name of the artery that brings blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Artery

39
Q

What is the name of the vein that brings blood form the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Veins

40
Q

What is the name of the oxygenated blood?

A

Arterial Blood

41
Q

What is the name of the deoxygenated blood?

A

Venous Blood

42
Q

What is another name for cellular respiration?

A

Internal Respiration (sugar+oxygen -> ATP energy +C02+H20)

43
Q

What is another name for gaseous exchange, where oxygen is breathed in and carbon dioxide is released out?

A

External Respiration

44
Q

Where does air pass through inorder to get into the lungs?

A

Trachea

45
Q

What does the Trachea branch into, that connects to the lungs?

A

Bronchi

46
Q

What does the bronchi branch into?

A

Bronchioles

47
Q

What is the air sacs at the end of bronchioles called?

A

Alveoli (where gas exchange takes place)

48
Q

What is the name of the muscle we use to breathe?

A

Diaphragm (works by changing the pressure inside the ribcage)

M1 Term 3 Finals Preparation (5 decks)

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