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BSC 2085 - Anatomy & Physiology I > M1, S2, Cell Biology > Flashcards

M1, S2, Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Glycolipids only appear in the inner layer of the plasma membrane.

A

False. They only appear on the OUTER layer. They’re PERIPHERAL lipids.

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2
Q

How many polar regions does the plasma membrane have?

A

2

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3
Q

T/F: Integral proteins only have a hydrophobic region, which determines their orientation within the plasma membrane.

A

False. Integral proteins have both HYDROPHILIC and HYDROPHOBIC REGIONS.

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4
Q

What is the function of the glycocalyx portion of a peripheral protein?

A

Cell adhesion and cell recognition

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5
Q

Which of the following do NOT pass through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

  • oxygen
  • sodium
  • steroids
  • potassium
  • glucose
A

sodium, potassium, glucose

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6
Q

_______ pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid due to the force of gravity acting upon it.

A

Hydrostatic

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7
Q

_______ pressure is when the pressure is high enough to stop the net movement of water through the membrane by osmosis.

A

Osmotic

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8
Q

If there is a SMALL difference in solute concentration between the two solution, there is a ____ osmotic pressure.

If there is a LARGE difference between the two solutions, there is a much _____ osmotic pressure.

A

low

higher

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9
Q

Rupturing is known as _____.

A

lysis

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10
Q

The rupturing of erythrocytes is known as ________.

A

hemolysis

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11
Q

Shrinking is known as _______.

A

crenation

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12
Q

What is the most abundant primary active transport carrier protein?

A

Na+/K+ Pump

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13
Q

The sodium potassium pump works constantly to maintain ___ intracellular concentration of sodium ions and a ____ concentration of potassium ions in the cytosol.

A

low, high

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14
Q

Secondary active transport uses two different types of carrier proteins:
_______, that move two solutes in the same direction.
_______, that move two solutes in the opposite direction.

A

Symporters

Antiporters

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15
Q

_________. is carried out by most cells of the body. It is the process by which small amounts of extracellular fluid along with any dissolved solutes are taken up into the cell.

A

Pinocytosis

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16
Q

Which of the following molecules are stored within the cytosol of the cell?

  • fatty acids
  • glucose
  • urea
  • red blood cells
  • calcium ions
A

fatty acid, glucose, calcium ions

17
Q

All of the cells in the body have a nucleus except for ___ ______ cells.

A

red blood cells

18
Q

T/F: Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that bud off from the Golgi complex.

A

True

19
Q

T/F: The LUMEN of the Golgi complex is the site of PHOSPHORYLATION of proteins during post-translational modification.

A

True

20
Q

Which three of the following are tubular projections from the main body of a cell?

  • cilia
  • villi
  • centrioles
  • microvilli
  • flagella
  • mitochondria
A

cilia, microvilli, flagella

21
Q

Sections of DNA responsible for producing proteins are known as _____.

A

genes

22
Q

During _________, specific enzymes within the nucleus ‘read’ the sequence of bases in the DNA template to produce an intermediate molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA), which has a complementary structure to the template.

During ________, this mRNA molecule binds to a ribosome, and is read by other enzymes to produce a protein.

A

transcription

translation

23
Q

transcription, which occurs in the ______ and translation, which is carried out in ________ both free in the cytosoland bound to the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

nucleus, ribosomes

24
Q

What is the name of the special nucleotide sequence near the beginning of a gene where the enzyme RNA polymerase binds?

A

Promotor

25
Q

What are the steps of translation?

A
  1. mRNA binding
  2. binding of initiator tRNA
  3. joining of large and small ribosomal subunits
  4. pairing of complementary bases
  5. formation of amino acid chain
26
Q

Newly synthesized proteins undergo a post-transitional modification in which of the following organelles of a cell?-Golgi complex

  • mitochondria
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • nucleus
  • plasma membrane
A
  • Golgi complex

- rough endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

The leading strand goes __’ to __ ‘

A

5’ to 3’

28
Q

The lagging strand goes __’ to __’

A

3’ to 5’

29
Q

What is the term of the process where DNA is used as a template to generate a complementary strand of RNA?

A

Transcription

30
Q

Which phase in mitosis does this statement refer to?
“The chromatids are held together by a central body known as a centromere, which s surrounded by a protein complex known as a kinetochore.”
-late prophase
-telophase
-early prophase
-metaphase
-early anaphase

A

-early prophase

31
Q

What is the name given to sex cells that are produced through reproductive cell division?

A

gametes

BSC 2085 - Anatomy & Physiology I (6 decks)

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