M1: Lesson 1 Flashcards
1
Q
art and science of preparing drugs
A
Pharmacy
2
Q
a person considered as medication
or drug expert.
A
Pharmacist
3
Q
A legally granted responsibility to handle drugs
and to know all about those drugs
A
Pharmacist
4
Q
Ancient Through Early Modern Era
A
Human
prehistory to AD 1500
5
Q
Five Historical Periods in Pharmacy
A
- Ancient through early modern era
- Empiric Era
- Industrialization Era
- Patient-Care Era
- Biotechnology and genetic engineering
6
Q
Empiric Era
A
1600 to 1940
7
Q
Patient care era
A
1970 to present
8
Q
Biotechnology and genetic engineering
A
The new horizon
9
Q
Decides based on Instincts and help of nature
A
Ancient through early modern era (Before the dawn of history)
10
Q
Decides based on the belief that people got sick: victim of evil forces,
God’s anger and punishment
A
Before the Dawn of History (Ancient through early modern era
**Ancient man
11
Q
Provided the
earliest practice apothecary.
A
Pharmacy in Ancient Babylonia
12
Q
One who prepares and sells drugs or
compounds for medicinal purposes
A
Apothecary
13
Q
Medical texts on clay tablets
record the symptoms of illness,
prescription and directions for
compounding, and invocation to
the gods
A
Pharmacy in Ancient babylonia
14
Q
2 Types of Medical care in Babylonia
A
Ashipu/asipu & Asu
15
Q
Magical healer or
Sorcerer/exorcist
A
Ashipu or Asipu
16
Q
Rely on spells and magical
stones
A
Ashipu or asipu
17
Q
• Empirical healer or
physician
A
Asu
18
Q
Make use of plant
materials for healing
A
Asu
19
Q
written the Pen Tsao
that contains 350 different herbal
drugs and tested many of them on
himself (podophyllum, rhubarb,
ginseng, stramonium, cinnamon
bark, ephedra and ma huang).
A
Shen nung
20
Q
Discovery of Pen Tsao
that contains 350 different herbal
drugs and tested many of them on
himself (podophyllum, rhubarb,
ginseng, stramonium, cinnamon
bark, ephedra and ma huang).
A
Pharmacy in Ancient China
21
Q
Papyrus Ebers:
A
Pharmacy in Ancient Egypt
22
Q
the best known and most important
pharmaceutical record that contains 800
prescriptions, mentioning 700 drugs.
A
Papyrus Ebers
23
Q
Discovered enemas, infusions, inhalations, lotions,
acacia, onions, aloe, castor oil and opium
A
Papyrus Ebers
24
Q
Symbol of Pharmacy
A
Bowl of Hygeia
25
record the symptoms of illness,
prescription and directions for
compounding, and invocation to
the gods.
Clay tablets
26
ancient Greek symbol of
medicine
Rod of Asclepius
27
(God of the healing art) was believed to
impact healing by touching one with his staff or serpent.
Asclepius
28
the international symbol of the
pharmacy profession
Bowl of Hygeia
29
the goddess of health, cleanliness and
sanitation)
Hygeia
30
Hippocrates
Father of Medicine
31
Introduction of scientific
pharmacy and medicine
Hippocrates
32
Classification of illnesses:
• Acute or Chronic
• Endemic or Epidemic
Hippocrates
33
Hippocratic Oath or Oath of
Hippocrates
Greek medical text
34
Father of Botany
Theophrastus
35
Greek Physician and
Botanist
Pedanius Dioscorides
36
excellent rules for
collection of drugs, their storage and use.
De Materia Medica
37
Published De Materia Medica
Pedanius Dioscorides
38
The Royal Toxicologist
Mithridates VI
39
He believed that constant exposure would build in
him an immunity to being poisoned by his enemies.
Mithridates VI
40
one of the best known
antidotes which is believed to be a universal
antidote in ancient time.
Mithridate
41
He invented Mithridate
Mithridates VI
42
Experimenter in Drug Compounding
Claudius Galen
43
Galenical formulations or galenicals
Claudius Galen
44
He invented the first cosmetic cream
Claudius Galen
45
Cosmetic cream
Cold cream
46
An early "trademarked" drug
Terra sigillata
47
Clay was formed into pastilles and impressed with
an official seal by priestesses, then sun-dried.
Terra sigillata
48
the apothecary (Pharmacy)
Damian
49
the physician (Medicine)
Cosmas
50
They both embraced Christianity and practiced
medicine and surgery without a fee
Damian & cosmas
51
The monks gathered herbs in
the field, raised them in their
own herb gardens.
Monastic pharmacy
52
Manuscripts from many
islands were translated or
copied for monastery libraries
Monastic Pharmacy
53
Pharmacy in Arabian history
The Arabs separated the
arts of apothecary and
physician
54
First privately owned drug
stores
Pharmacy in Arabian Era
55
The first apothecary shops
Pharmacy in Arabian Era
56
Persian
Galen
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
57
intended
to "cure" or "heal" ignorance of
the soul
The book of healing
58
presents an overview of the
contemporary medical
knowledge of the medieval
Islamic world.
The Canon of Medicine
59
2 books of Ibn Sina (Avicenna
1. The book of healing
2. The Canon of Medicine
60
Magna Carta of
Pharmacy
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen
61
3 Magna Carta of Pharmacy
1. The pharmaceutical profession was to be
separated from the medical profession
2. The pharmaceutical profession should be
supervised officially
3. Pharmacists should take an oath to prepare
drugs reliably, according to skilled art and in a
uniform suitable quality
62
Greatest of The Pharmacists Chemists
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
63
Father of Modern plant chemistry
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
64
He discovered oxygen,
chlorine, prussic acid, tartaric
acid, tungsten, molybdenum,
glycerin, nitroglycerin
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
65
Father of Toxicology
Paracelsus
66
Philippus Aureolus
Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim
Paracelsus
67
Influenced the
transformation of pharmacy
from a profession based
primarily on botanical science
to one based on chemical
science.
Paracelsus
68
The idea of a pharmacopoeia
with official status, to be
followed by all apothecaries,
originated in Florence.
The First Official Pharmacopoeia
69
First Official Pharmacopoeia
Nuovo Receptario
70
Francis Bacon
Organized the first organization of pharmacist
71
First organization of pharmacists
The Society of Apothecaries of London
72
The Governor Who Healed the Sick
John Winthrop
73
•Sovereign remedy
rubila
74
He believed rubila was effective in the treatment of
measles, colics, headaches, sciatica and many
other ailments.
John Winthrop
75
The Marshall Apothecary
Christopher Marshall
76
became a leading retail store, chemical
manufacturing &"practical" training school for pharmacists
The Marshall Apothecary
77
The leading retail store of marshall was managed by granddaughter ____ who is she?
Elizabeth America's First woman pharmacist
78
first hospital w/ pharmacy in Philadelphia
Pennsylvania Hospital (1751)
79
The first Hospital Pharmacy began in ________
1752
80
First Hospital Pharmacist
Jonathan Roberts
81
Roberts’ Successor
John Morgan
82
He advocated prescription writing and
championed independent practice of two
profession.
John Morgan
83
America's First Apothecary General
Andrew Craigie
84
The first man to hold the rank of a commissioned
pharmaceutical officer in an American army
Andrew Craigie
85
His duties included procurement, storage, manufacture,
and distribution of the Army's drug requirements
Andrew Craigie
86
He also developed an early wholesaling and
manufacturing business.
Andrew Craigie
87
First of the Alkaloid Chemists
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner
88
He discovered Morphine
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner
89
He recognized and proved the importance of alkaloids
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner
90
The first alkaloid was isolated from the opium poppy
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner
91
isolation of Emetine from Ipecacuanha
Pierre-Joseph Pelletier & Joseph-Bienaimé
Caventou
92
• isolation of Strychnine and Brucine from Nux
vomica
Pierre-Joseph Pelletier & Joseph-Bienaimé
Caventou
93
Separation of quinine and cinchonine from the
cinchona barks
Pierre-Joseph Pelletier & Joseph-Bienaimé
Caventou
94
First U.S. industry in medicinal herbs
Shakers
95
No. of cultivated plant of shakers
200
96
cultivated 200 plant
varieties; dried, chopped, and pressed them into
"bricks"; wrapped, labeled, and sold them to
pharmacists and physicians world-wide.
The shakers
97
First president of American Pharmaceutical Association
Daniel B. Smith
98
First secretary of American Pharmaceutical organization
William Procter, Jr.
99
Father of American pharmacy
William Procter, Jr.
100
New name of american pharamceutical associatoon
American Pharmacists
Association
101
He abandoned the traditional requirement of pre
graduation apprenticeship.
Dr. Albert A. Presscot
102
Revolution in Pharmaceutical Education
Presscot
103
• Laboratory Pharmacy
Dr. Albert B. Prescott
104
First book of drug standards
United States
Pharmacopoeia”
105
Pharmacal Inventor
Stanislas Limousin
106
He introduced medicak dropper
Stanislas Limousin
107
He intriduced system of coloring poison
Stanislas Limousin
108
(A kind of wafer capsule
formerly used by pharmacists for
presenting an unpleasant-tasting drug)
Wafer cachets
109
He introduced wafer cachets
Stanislas Limousin
110
Greatest contribution of Stanislas Limousin
: apparatus for
the inhalation and therapeutic
administration of oxygen and glass
ampules
111
announced the effectiveness of diphtheria
antitoxin
Behring and Roux
112
the first step of many producing antitoxin
Inoculation of horses with diphtheria toxin
113
Era of Biologicals
• Effectiveness & innoculation of diphteria anti-toxin
• Poliomyelitis vaccine
• Parke Davis & Company
EMPIRIC ERA
114
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
Development of cgemotheraphy
115
Advanced the treatment of syphilis and who inevented it
Bismuth and Arsenic compounds
Ernest francois
116
• Bismuth and Arsenic compounds
• Sulfonamide
• Antihistaminic properties
• Chemotherapeutic research
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau
117
Large numbers of war-related injuries led to the
growth of
industrial manufacturing order to meet the need for pharmaceutical products
118
discovered that microbes were
responsible for souring alcohol and came up with
Pasteurization
Louis Pasteur
119
bacteria is destroyed by heating
beverages and then allowing them to cool
Pasteurization
120
discovered Penicillin from Penicillium
notatum
Alexander Fleming
121
He returned from a two-week vacation to find that a mold had developed on an accidentally contaminated
staphylococcus culture plate. Upon examination of the
mold, he noticed that the culture prevented the growth of staphylococci
Alexander Fleming
122
Evolution of Patient-focused drug therapy
centered on drug
control or drug monitoring
123
established the concept of
pharmaceutical care in the late 1980s
C.D. Hepler
124
Area of pharmacy concerned with science and
practice of RATIONAL MEDICATION USE
Clinical Pharmacy Concept
125
services that promote the
appropriate selection, utilization and monitoring of
medications.
Clinical pharmacy concept
126
Its objectives is to optimize individual improve
therapeutic outcome
Clinical pharmacy concept
127
Patient centered services
clinical pharmacy concept
128
the use of microorganisms to
produce drugs, hormones, and other products
Biothechnology
129
is the scientific alteration of
the structure of genetic material in a living
organism
Genetic engineering
130
Biotechnology
The New Horizon
131
Genetic Engineering
The New Horizon
132
Research into gene therapy and genetic defects
has greatly increased
The New Horizon
133
involved in the pursuit of
cures for major diseases such as cancer
Genetic research
134
Genetic research
The new horizon
135
offered the course in BS
Pharmacy and licentiate in pharmacy in 1871.
UST founded in 1611
136
the top producer of licensed pharmacists in the
Philippines
CEU
137
CEU Pharmacy has been established in
1921
138
First Filipino to study pharmacy
Don Leon Ma. Guerrero
139
Father of Philippine Pharmacy
Don Leon Ma. Guerrero
140
First Drugstore In The Philippines
Botica Boie
141
served as a soda fountain and drug company at
the old Escolta
Botica Boie
142
Botica Boie was founded by a young physician-pharmacist
Dr. Lorenzo Negrao
143
Industrialization era
1940-1970
144
Nasal decongestant
Ephedrine
145
One of the best important discovery of shen nung
Ephedra & Ma huang
146
My library is a ready source of drug knowledge.
Custodian of med info
147
My files contain thousands of specific drug names and tens of thousands of facts about them.
Custodian of med info
148
My journals and meetings report advances in pharmacy from around the world
Custodian of med info
149
I am a consultant on the merits of different therapeutic agents.
Companion of the physician
150
I assist the patient’s choice of nonprescription drugs or in the decision to consult a physician.
Counselor to the patient
151
My pharmacy is a center for health-care information.
Guardian of the public health
152
My services are available to all at all time.
Guardian of public health
