M1: Brain Study Techniques Flashcards
Golgi, Nissl, Weigert
name 3 types of neuronal stain that are injected live, but then examined in brain tissue slices
Lesion Method
creating or exploiting brain damage to determine if that area is necessary to a certain function
Electrical Stimulation
method used to generate, for example, the “Penefield Map” of somatosensory cortex in live patients
Golgi, nissl, weigert, lesion method, and electrical stimulation get good spatial or temporal resolution?
Spatial Resolution
Out of golgi, nissl, weigert, lesion method, and electrical stimulation; which yield information on BRAIN FUNCTION?
lesions and electrical stimulation
Single Cell Recording
record activity using a micro-electrode probe in an active subject
Electroencephalography (EEG)
using an “electrode cap”, technique detects the electrical dipoles generated by changing electrical potentials
Does the electroencephalography (EEG) record LOCALIZED changes in electrical activity or SUMMATION of changes over thousands of neurons?
summation
Event Related Potentail (ERP)
the time-locked average of many EEG trials to factor out other brain activity and focus on a particular response
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
detection of naturally occurring changes in magnetic fields created by brain activity (complementary to EEG)
SQUID
device used to measure extremely weak magnetic fields, such as those produced by brain activity
Out of single cell recording, EEG, ERP, & MEG; which requires confining the subject in a large apparatus
MEG
Out of single cell recording, EEG, ERP, & MEG; which has the best spatial resolution?
single cell recording
Out of single cell recording, EEG, ERP, & MEG; which is the most expensive?
MEG
Resonance
aspect of MRI that involves using pulse of radio waves to make hydrogen protons gyrate in body’s fluid
Magnetic
aspect of MRI that involves aligning the magnetic fields of those gyrating protons
Imaging
aspect of MRI that involves the release of energy when the protons are allowed to return to “natural” alignment
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
example of neurological disease revealed by MRI’s capacity to distinguish white from grey matter
fMRI
technique that makes use of the difference in how oxygenated vs deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood respond to magnetic fields
Is deoxygenated hemoglobin more likely to be found at ACTIVE or NON-ACTIVE sites in the brain
active
What does the f in fMRI stand for?
functional
PBT (position emission tomography)
patient is injected w/radioactive fluid that is absorbed w/glucose into active cells & detected as gamma emissions
CAT (computed axial tomography)
technique using 2D x-rays of tissues that vary in how x-rays penetrate, to build up 3-D image
Put in order the four scanning techniques, from best to worst, for detail resolution
MRI, fMRI, PET, CAT
