m1

Question 1

These are a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell.

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

True or False: Carbohydrates provide structural support to the body and its cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Enumerate.

What are the four primary functions of carbohydrates in the body?

Answer 3

• provide energy
• store energy
• build macromolecules
• spare protein and fat

Question 4

What is the stoichiometric formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 4

(CH2O)n

Where ‘n’ is the numeber of carbons in the molecule.

Question 5

What then is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrate molecules?

Answer 5

1:2:1

Question 6

Carbohydrates or saccharides come from which term?

Answer 6

• Latin term
  - saccharum = sugar

Question 7

What is another term to call carbohydrates according to their structural composition?

Answer 7

polyhydroxyl aldehydes or ketones

Question 8

What elements are present in carbohydrates?

Answer 8

• carbon
• hydrogen
• water

BUT, in some cases also nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.

Question 10

What suffix is added to simpler members of the carbohydrate family that often give off a sweet taste?

Answer 10

-ose

Question 11

What are the three categories of monosaccharides?

Answer 11

• monosaccharides
• oligosaccharides
• polysaccharides

Question 12

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the description below.

• contain a single monosaccharide residue

Answer 12

monosaccharides

Question 13

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the description below.

• contain more than 10 monosaccharide residues

Answer 13

polysaccharides

Question 14

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the description below.

• contain 2 to 10 monosaccharide residues

Answer 14

oligosaccharides

Question 15

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

chitin

Answer 15

polysaccharide

Question 16

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

galactose

Answer 16

monosaccharide

Question 17

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

sucrose

Answer 17

oligosaccharide
(discaccharide)

Question 18

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

ribose

Answer 18

monosaccharide

Question 19

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

maltose

Answer 19

oligosaccharide
(disaccharide)

Question 20

Monosaccharides contain up to how many carbon atoms?

Answer 20

3-7 carbon atoms

Question 21

Through which bonds do oligosaccharides and polysaccharides form from?

Answer 21

glycosidic bonds

Question 22

This polysaccharide is the storage forms of glucose in plants.

Answer 22

starch

Question 23

This polysaccharide is the storage of glucose in animals.

Answer 23

glycogen

Question 24

(?) : unbranched polysaccharide
starch : branched polysaccharide

Answer 24

cellulose

Question 25

**True or False:** Carbohydrates are one of the major groups of naturally occuring biomolecules.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Under which **metabolic process** do glycosidic bonds form under?

Answer 26

**dehydration synthesis**

Question 27

The **ability to participate in numerous hydrogen bonds** gives them...

Answer 27

- high melting points - high solubilities in water

Question 28

It has **four bonds to other atoms and is tetrahedral**, and each of the four things attached to it is different.

Answer 28

**chiral carbon**

Question 29

How else would you call enantiomers?

Answer 29

**mirror images**

Question 30

For each chiral carbon, n, a **monosaccharide has ( ? ) stereoisomers**.

Answer 30

**2^n**

Question 31

How many **sterioisomers** does glucose have?

Answer 31

**16**

Question 32

**True or False:** All enantiomers are stereoisomers, but not all stereoisomers are enentiomers.

Answer 32

True | Diastereomers entered the chat.

Question 33

Explain the D/L configuration.

Answer 33

**D:** hydroxyl group in penultimate chiral carbon is at the **right** **L:** hydroxyl group in penultimate chiral carbon is at the **left**

Question 34

These are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers, as **they practically have different names**.

Answer 34

**diastereomers**

Question 35

How can you distinguish enantiomers?

Answer 35

**By their D/L configurations**

Question 36

These structures are used to distinguish the different stereoisomers.

Answer 36

**Fischer projections**

Question 37

Which two monosaccharides are the **most abundant**?

Answer 37

- pentoses - hexoses

Question 38

# Identify the monosaccharide being described. - also known as sugar blood - major metabolite and storage form of chemical energy.

Answer 38

**D-glucose**

Question 39

# Identify the monosaccharide being described. - milk sugar - combines with glucose to produce lactose

Answer 39

**galactose**

Question 40

# Identify the monosaccharide being described. - fruit sugar - major metabolite and sweetest tasting natural sugar

Answer 40

**fructose**