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biochem. > m1 > Flashcards

m1 Flashcards

1
Q

These are a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell.

A

carbohydrates

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2
Q

True or False: Carbohydrates provide structural support to the body and its cells.

A

True

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3
Q

Enumerate.

What are the four primary functions of carbohydrates in the body?

A
  • provide energy
  • store energy
  • build macromolecules
  • spare protein and fat
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4
Q

What is the stoichiometric formula for carbohydrates?

A

(CH2O)n

Where ‘n’ is the numeber of carbons in the molecule.

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5
Q

What then is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrate molecules?

A

1:2:1

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6
Q

Carbohydrates or saccharides come from which term?

A
  • Latin term
    - saccharum = sugar
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7
Q

What is another term to call carbohydrates according to their structural composition?

A

polyhydroxyl aldehydes or ketones

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8
Q

What elements are present in carbohydrates?

A
  • carbon
  • hydrogen
  • water

BUT, in some cases also nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

What suffix is added to simpler members of the carbohydrate family that often give off a sweet taste?

A

-ose

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11
Q

What are the three categories of monosaccharides?

A
  • monosaccharides
  • oligosaccharides
  • polysaccharides
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12
Q

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the description below.

  • contain a single monosaccharide residue
A

monosaccharides

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13
Q

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the description below.

  • contain more than 10 monosaccharide residues
A

polysaccharides

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14
Q

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the description below.

  • contain 2 to 10 monosaccharide residues
A

oligosaccharides

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15
Q

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

chitin

A

polysaccharide

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16
Q

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

galactose

A

monosaccharide

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17
Q

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

sucrose

A

oligosaccharide
(discaccharide)

18
Q

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

ribose

A

monosaccharide

19
Q

Classify the type of carbohydrate according to the example given.

maltose

A

oligosaccharide
(disaccharide)

20
Q

Monosaccharides contain up to how many carbon atoms?

A

3-7 carbon atoms

21
Q

Through which bonds do oligosaccharides and polysaccharides form from?

A

glycosidic bonds

22
Q

This polysaccharide is the storage forms of glucose in plants.

A

starch

23
Q

This polysaccharide is the storage of glucose in animals.

A

glycogen

24
Q

(?) : unbranched polysaccharide
starch : branched polysaccharide

A

cellulose

25
Q

True or False: Carbohydrates are one of the major groups of naturally occuring biomolecules.

A

True

26
Q

Under which metabolic process do glycosidic bonds form under?

A

dehydration synthesis

27
Q

The ability to participate in numerous hydrogen bonds gives them…

A
  • high melting points
  • high solubilities in water
28
Q

It has four bonds to other atoms and is tetrahedral, and each of the four things attached to it is different.

A

chiral carbon

29
Q

How else would you call enantiomers?

A

mirror images

30
Q

For each chiral carbon, n, a monosaccharide has ( ? ) stereoisomers.

A

2^n

31
Q

How many sterioisomers does glucose have?

A

16

32
Q

True or False: All enantiomers are stereoisomers, but not all stereoisomers are enentiomers.

A

True

Diastereomers entered the chat.

33
Q

Explain the D/L configuration.

A

D: hydroxyl group in penultimate chiral carbon is at the right
L: hydroxyl group in penultimate chiral carbon is at the left

34
Q

These are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers, as they practically have different names.

A

diastereomers

35
Q

How can you distinguish enantiomers?

A

By their D/L configurations

36
Q

These structures are used to
distinguish the different stereoisomers.

A

Fischer projections

37
Q

Which two monosaccharides are the most abundant?

A
  • pentoses
  • hexoses
38
Q

Identify the monosaccharide being described.

  • also known as sugar blood
  • major metabolite and storage form of chemical energy.
A

D-glucose

39
Q

Identify the monosaccharide being described.

  • milk sugar
  • combines with glucose to produce lactose
A

galactose

40
Q

Identify the monosaccharide being described.

  • fruit sugar
  • major metabolite and sweetest
    tasting natural sugar
A

fructose

biochem. (5 decks)

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