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biochem. > m0 > Flashcards

m0 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the science concerned with the chemical basis of life or more specifically, the chemical consitutents of living cells and the reactions they undergo?

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

From which greek term does the word “life” stem from?

A

bio

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3
Q

When did biochemistry start to emerge as a distinct discipline in the scientific field?

A

around the beginning of the 20th century

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4
Q

.

What three branches of science were combined by scientists to better investigate the chemistry of living systems (foudnation of biochemistry)?

A
  • chemistry
  • physiology
  • biology
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5
Q

What do you call a small molecule?

A

A monomer

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6
Q

What do you call a long-chain molecule that is made up of a repeated pattern of monomers?

A

A polymer

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7
Q

What are the two types of metabolic reactions?

A
  • anabolic reaction
  • catabolic reaction
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8
Q

What type of metabolic reaction breaks down molecules?
(e.g energy is released when ATP is created)

A

catabolic reaction

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9
Q

What type of metabolic reaction builds up molecules?
(e.g once ATP is broken down, energy is absorbed and built up once again)

A

anabolic reaction

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10
Q
  • water is removed to bond monomers
  • catalyst of polymer creation
A

dehydration synthesis

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11
Q
  • a water molecule is introduced to break down a polymer (complex structure) to monomers
A

hydrolysis

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12
Q

Enumerate.

What are the four main classes of molecules (macromolecules) in biochemistry?

A
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • nucleic acids
  • proteins
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13
Q
  • living beings get energy from this
  • its usual, main monomer is glucose
A

carbohydrates

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14
Q
  • living beings store energy in these
  • they come in the forms of fats and oils
  • its monomers come in the form of fatty acids
A

lipids

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15
Q

Which type of fat is present in animals?

A

saturated fats

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16
Q

Which type of fat is present in plants?

A

unsaturated fats

17
Q

Identify which macromolecule fits the description provided.

  • living beings use these to build up cells
  • they are made up of amino acids (its monomers linked by peptide bonds)
A

proteins
A.K.A the first biomolecule ever discovered

18
Q

Identify which macromolecule fits the description provided.

  • living beings build genetic codes with these
  • made up of nucleotides, nitrogenous bases, and pentose sugars
A

nucleic acids
RNA v.s DNA

19
Q

What are the two types of biochemical substances?

A
  • bioinorganic substances (do not contain carbon)
  • bioorganic substances (contain carbon)
20
Q

Name the two bioinorganic substances.

A
  • inorganic salts (5%)
  • water (about 70%)
21
Q

Enumerate and compare.

Name the four bioorganic molecules.

A
  • proteins (15%)
  • lipids (8%)
  • nucleic acids (about 2%)
  • carbohydrates ( about 2%)
22
Q

Which is the most abundant macromolecule in general?

A

carbohydrates

23
Q

Which is the most abundant macromolecule in the human body?

A

protein
(they are made up of a lot more combinations of monomers: amino acids, thus generating a lot more unique polymers)

24
Q

It is a site of predictable behavior or a group of atoms in organic molecules that are responsible for the charcteristic chemical reactions certain molecules together.

A

functional groups

25
Q

Name 10 functional groups.

A
  • alcohol
  • phenyl
  • amine
  • ester
  • amide
  • carboxylic acid
  • aldehyde
  • ketone
  • ether
  • thiol
26
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • have relatively low boiling points due to their inability to form hydrogen bonds with each other
  • slightly polar
  • this molecule is subject to reacting with strong acids and serves as a Lewis base
  • R–O–R
A

ether
prefix: alkoxy-
suffix: -ether

27
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • these are used as precursors to form other compounds such as esters, aldehydes, and ketones
  • contain both hydroxyl and carbonyl groups
  • R–O=C–O–H
A

carboxylic acids
suffix: -oic acid

28
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • due to the presence of an -OH group, they can hydrogen bond
  • possess high boiling points
  • polar in nature
  • R–OH
A

alcohol
prefix: hydroxy-
suffix: -ol

29
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • they are by far the most commonly encountered functional group in organic chemistry
  • R–O=C–O–R
A

ester
suffix: -oate

30
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • these contain the carbonyl group inside the compound
  • R–O=C–R
A

ketones
suffix: -one

31
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • these contain the carbonyl at the end of the compound
  • R–O=C–H
A

aldehyde
suffix: -al/-yde

32
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • a class of organic chemical compounds similar to the alcohols and phenols but containing a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen atom
  • R–SH
A

thiol
prefix: sulf-
suffix: -thiol

33
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • organic compounds that contain nitrogen atoms with a lone pair
  • they are basically derived from ammonia
  • R–NH2 / R–NH–R / R–N–R–R
A

amine
prefix: amino-
suffix: -amine

34
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • it is formed when a hydrogen atom is removed from the benzene ring
  • often represented by the symbol Ph
A

phenyl
suffix: -ene (alike alkenes)

35
Q

Identify the functional group and provide the prefix/suffix accordingly.

  • an organic compound that contains a functional group consisting of an acyl group linked to a nitrogen atom
  • R–O=C–NH2
A

amide
suffix: -amide

36
Q

Understand and define.

What is a moiety?

A

A moiety, in terms of biochemistry:
- is a portion of an organic compound which may be a functional group;
- describes a portion of that compound with multiple functional groups that share common structural aspects

37
Q

Enumerate.

How do functional groups broaden one’s understanding of concepts in biochemistry?

A
  • it helps people understand and predict chemical behavior
  • it determines in large measures the physical properties of a compound
  • they serve as units by which we classify organic compounds into families
  • it becomes our basis of naming compounds

biochem. (5 decks)

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