M: RELIGION Flashcards

1
Q

Who was arrested in September 1553?

A

Archbishop Cranmer.

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2
Q

Who else (besides Cranmer) was arrested in September 1553?

A

Hugh Latimer, John Hooper, Nicholas Ridley and John Rogers among others.

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3
Q

What did Parliament refuse to repeal in late 1553?

A

The Act of Supremacy.

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4
Q

What act was passed in the Autumn of 1553?

A

An Act of Repeal which undid all of the Edwardian Reformation.

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5
Q

What did Mary give up in December 1553?

A

The title of Supreme Head of the Church.

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6
Q

What did many protestants do in early 1554? How many?

A

Mass exodus of Protestants to Germany and Switzerland.

Estimated at around 800.

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7
Q

What did the Royal Injunctions of March 1554 do?

A

Ordered bishops to suppress heresy, removed married clergy and restored holy days, processions and ceremonies.

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8
Q

What happened with the heresy laws? When were they eventually passed?

A

Parliament initially rejected their reintroduction, but agreed in April 1554 when they were promised monastic lands would not be restored to Church ownership.

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9
Q

What did Parliament pass in November 1554?

A

Second Act of Repeal, which undid all anti-papal legislation since 1529 and the Henrician Reformation.

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10
Q

When was the first protestant burnt? What was his name?

A

February 1555.

John Rogers, a biblical translator.

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11
Q

Who was burnt for heresy in Oxford in October 1555?

A

Bishops Ridley and Latimer.

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12
Q

Who died 12th November 1555?

A

Stephen Gardiner.

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13
Q

Who was named Archbishop of Canterbury in December 1555?

A

Cardinal Pole.

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14
Q

When was Cranmer burned?

A

21st March 1556.

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15
Q

How many Protestants were burnt overall in Mary’s reign?

A

300.

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16
Q

When did Mary and Pole die?

A

17th November 1558.

17
Q

What did Cardinal Pole’s return to England mark?

A

The next decisive stage in the restoration of Roman Catholicism.

18
Q

What did Parliament pass the same month that Pole returned to England?

A

The Second Act of Repeal.

19
Q

What careful provision was made in the Second Act of Repeal?

A

To protect the property rights of all those who had bought Church land since 1536.

20
Q

What did the protection of privately-owned church land demonstrate?

A

She had to forgo her plans for a full-scale restoration of the monasteries.

21
Q

What happened after the death of Gardiner? When did he die?

A

November 1555.

Had removed a trusted and restraining influence, and thereafter the regime became more repressive.

22
Q

When was Pole made Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

In December 1555.

23
Q

How many religious persecutions were carried out in the last three years of Mary’s reign?

A

274.

24
Q

Who died in 1555?

A

Pope Julius III.

25
Q

Who was the new pope? Who did he dislike?

A

Paul IV.

Disliked Pole and hated the Spanish Habsburgs.

26
Q

What did Pope Paul IV do to Pole?

A

Stripped Pole of his title of Legate and ordered him to return to Rome.

27
Q

How many sees were vacant by 1558? What was the reason for this?

A

Seven.

Pole could not appoint Bishops.

28
Q

When were the twelve decrees passed?

A

1555.

29
Q

What did the twelve decrees do?

A

Established seminaries in very diocese.