[M] Lec 02.1: Intro to Sero (Brief History)

Question 1

Serum antitoxins

Answer 1

Emil von Bering

Question 2

Discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Bacillus anthracis

Cellular Immunity in TB (Type IV or Delayed
Hypersensitivity Reaction)

Answer 2

Robert Koch

Question 3

Discovered phagocytosis

Answer 3

Ellie Mechnikoff

Question 4

Father of Cell-mediated immunity; proposed the Side Chain Theory

Answer 4

Paul Ehrlich

Question 5

Discovered anaphylaxis reaction

Answer 5

Charles Richet

Question 6

Discovered Complement Fixation and Bordetella pertussis

Answer 6

Jule Bordet

Question 7

Discovered Human Blood Group antigens (ABO Blood Group System)
Contributed to the specificity of serologic reactions

Answer 7

Karl Landsteiner

Question 8

Discovered immunologic tolerance

Answer 8

Mcfarlane Burnet
Peter Medawar

Question 9

Discovered antibody structure

Answer 9

Gerald Edelman
Rodney Porter

Question 10

Discovered Radioimmunoassay under the Primary Immunoserological Test

Answer 10

Rosalin Yalow

Question 11

Contributed to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

Answer 11

George Snell
Jean Dausset
Baruj Benaceraf

Question 12

Discovered Antibody Diversity — how genes can produce antibodies with different specificity

Answer 12

Susumu Tonegaw

Question 13

Immunoregulation and Clonal selection theory

Answer 13

Niels Jerne

Question 14

Discovered Hybridoma Technology for the production of Monoclonal antibody — the plasma cells of rats and myeloma cells are combined

Answer 14

George Kohler
Cesar Milstein

Question 15

Transplantation

Answer 15

Edward Donnall Thomas
Joseph Murray

Question 16

Discovered Cytotoxic T-cells for the recognition of virally infected cells and cancer cells

Answer 16

Peter Doherty
Rolf Zinkernagel

Question 17

Discovered HIV and AIDS

Answer 17

Francois Barre-Sinoussi
Luc Montagnier

Question 18

Precipitins

Answer 18

Robert Kaus

Question 19

Introduced Variolation in England using smallpox inoculum to prevent smallpox infection

Answer 19

Lady Mary Montagu
(1718)

Question 20

Introduced the method of Vaccination;
He invented a smallpox vaccine using cowpox

Answer 20

Edward Jenner

Question 21

Father of Immunology;
He developed the first attenuated vaccine

Answer 21

Louis Pasteur (1880)

Question 22

Discovered Complement Fixation and Bordetella pertussis — causative agent of whooping cough Bordet-Gengou Agar is used for B. pertussis cultivation

Answer 22

Bordet and Gengou

Question 23

Discovered Toll-like receptors

Answer 23

Charles Janeway

Question 24

Invented the Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis in Gels — a precipitation method, also known as electro-immunodiffusion

Answer 24

Grabar and Williams

Question 25

Proposed the Template Theory of Antibody production

Answer 25

Friedrich Brent
Felix Haurowitz

Question 26

Discovered polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 26

Kary Mullis

Question 27

Discovered T-Cell Receptor Gene

Answer 27

Tak Wah Mak
Mark Davis (1984)

Question 28

First human blood “transfusion” — ingestion of the blood

Answer 28

Pope Innocent VIII

Question 29

First animal-to-animal blood transfusion
First animal-to-human transfusion using lamb’s blood (aka xenotransfusion) — blood was transferred in small amounts, and the procedure was deemed successful.

(Note: animal blood is incompatible with human, so transfusion may cause death)

Answer 29

Jean-Baptiste Denys

Question 30

Typhoid Fever or Typhoid Mary — cooked food, and several people died from ingesting it.

Answer 30

Mary Malloy

Question 31

Carried syphilis from the New World (America) to the Old World (Asia, Europe, and Africa).

(Additional: Smallpox carried from old world to new world)

Answer 31

Christopher Columbus and Crew