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Medicine Phase 2a Haematology > Lymphoma > Flashcards

Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

Define lymphoma

A 
Malignant tumour (of the lymphatic system)
Causing proliferation of lymphocytes mainly in lymph nodes
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2
Q

2 types of lymphoma

A

Hodgkin’s

Non-Hodgkin’s

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3
Q

Clinical presentation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Painless rubbery lymph node enlargement
Hepatosplenomegaly
Systemic ‘B symptoms’ (fever, drenching night sweats, weight loss)
Pruritus, fatigue, anorexia and alcohol-induced pain in affected nodes.
Extranodal involvement is possible

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4
Q

Pathophysiology of Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Malignant transformation of normal T or B cell in lymph nodes.
Reed-Sternberg cells seen on histology.

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5
Q

Aetiology of Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Previous Epstein-Barr virus in some cases

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6
Q

Epidemiology of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

More common in young adults

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7
Q

Diagnosis of Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Lymph node biopsy = showing Reed-Sternberg cells
CT = Staging
ESR is raised

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8
Q

Staging of Hodgkins lymphoma (Ann Arbor)

A

1: Single lymph node or site
2: Two or more nodes/sites, same side of the diaphragm
3: Lymph nodes either side of the diaphragm
a - without B symptoms
b - with B symptoms
4: Diffuse or disseminated of one or more extralymphatic tissue

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9
Q

Treatment of Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Early stage disease = Brief chemo (ABVD) and irradiation

Advanced = Cyclical chemo (ABVD) and irradiation

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10
Q

Clinical presentation of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Same as Hodgkins
Can be indolent or aggressive (depending on origin cell).
Extranodal involvement is more common (than in Hodgkins)

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11
Q

Pathophysiology of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A 
70% B cell
30% T cell by origin
Clonal expansion of lymphocytes
Nature lymphocyte transformation: Indolent course
Proliferating cell: Aggressive
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12
Q

Aetiology of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Usually unknown
H.pylori infection in MALT lymphoma
EBV infection in Burkitt’s lymphoma

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13
Q

Epidemiology of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Rare before 40

Specific varieties more common in children

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14
Q

Diagnosis of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A

FBC - possible anaemia
Lymph node biopsy - needed for diagnosis
CT - staging

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15
Q

Treatment of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma - Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma

A

Cyclical combination chemo and field irradiation

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16
Q

Treatment of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma - Primary gastric lymphoma

A

H.pylori eradication

17
Q

Treatment of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma - Burkitt’s

A

Cyclical combo chemo

18
Q

Cells seen on histology

A

Reed-Steinberg cells

19
Q

Symptoms of lymphoma

A 
General B symptoms - Fatigue, fever, weight loss
Hepato/splenomegaly
Anaemia (more a sign)
Enlarged lymph nodes
Easy bruising
Frequent infections
20
Q

Radiotherapy drugs for Hodgkins lymphoma

A 
AVBD
Doxorubicin
Vincristine
Bleomycin
Dacarbazine
21
Q 
Give a side effect of each of these drugs used in Hodgkins lymphoma chemotherapy
Doxorubicin
Vincristine
Bleomycin
Dacarbazine
A

Doxorubicin - n/v
Vincristine - headache, hair loss
Bleomycin - weight loss
Dacarbazine - diarrhoea

22
Q

Radiotherapy drugs for Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A 
R-CHOP
Rituximab
Cyclophosphamide
*Hydroxydaunomycin
Vincristine
Prednisolone
23
Q 
Give a side effect for each of these drugs used in Non-Hodgkins lymphoma chemotherapy
Rituximab
Cyclophosphamide
Hydroxydaunomycin
Vincristine
Prednisolone
A 
Rituximab - headache
Cyclophosphamide - diarrhoea
Hydroxydaunomycin - hair loss
Vincristine - headache, hair loss
Prednisolone - weight gain
24
Q

Give 5 side effects of prednisolone

A 
Cushings
Weight gain
Osteoporosis
Hypertension
Headache
25
Q

What cells do rituximab inhibit

A

CD20

26
Q

Complications of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Immunosuppression
Headache
Diarrhoea

27
Q

Complications of Hodgkins Lymphoma

A

Immunosuppression
Infertility
Headache

28
Q

Difference in presentation between Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins

A

No night sweats in Non-Hodgkins

29
Q

Types of Hodgkins lymphoma

A

Lymphocyte predominant
Nodular sclerosing
Mixed cellularity
Lymphocyte depleted

Medicine Phase 2a Haematology (16 decks)

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