Lymphoma

Question 1

Lymphoma

Answer 1

lymph node cell cancer

Question 2

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is an umbrella term for a group of malignancies affecting the […] system.

It is defined as all lymphomas without […] cells.

Answer 2

lymphoid
Reed-Sternberg

Question 3

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
may be classified according to cell of origin ([…] or […]) or pathological grade (high-grade or low-grade).

Answer 3

B-cell, T-cell

Question 4

NHL: Association
commonly associated with […] infection and […].

[…] with gastric MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoma tissue).

Epstein Barr virus with […] lymphoma and AIDS-related CNS lymphoma.

Hepatitis […] virus with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and splenic marginal zone lymphoma.

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 with T-cell lymphoma.

Immunodeficiency states e.g. HIV/AIDS and post-organ […].

Autoimmune disorders e.g. Sjogren’s syndrome and coeliac disease.

Answer 4

viral, immunodeficiency

H pylori
Burkitt’s
C
transplant

Question 5

NHL Features
1. […] lymphadenopathy
2. […] distribution, at multiple sites, and spread […] across nodal sites
3. […] symptoms (fever, night sweats, and weight loss) more common in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma than in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 5

Painless
symmetrical, discontinuously
B

Question 6

NHL Examination findings
non-tender, firm lymphadenopathy affecting the […], […], and/or […] lymph nodes
[…]-[…] more common than HL (such as skin lesions in cutaneous […]-cell lymphoma or neurological disease

Answer 6

cervical, axillary, inguinal
Extra-nodal, T

Question 7

Hodgkin’s lymphoma are malignant lymphomas characterised by the […] of Reed-Sternberg cells.

Answer 7

presence

Question 8

HL: RFs
Epstein Barr Virus
HIV
Immunosuppression
What else?

Answer 8

Cigarette smoking

Question 9

HL: features
- […] adults with […] or […] non-tender lymphadenopathy, though the location of diseased nodes can vary
-[…]-induced pain
- B symptoms

Answer 9

young, cervical, supraclavicular
Alcohol

Question 10

HL diagnosis
Lymph node biopsy with evidence of […] […] cells is diagnostic
poor prognosis via low […] and raised […], as they indicate high red cell turnover

Answer 10

Reed Sternberg
haemoglobin
LDH

Question 11

NHL: diagnosis
elevated […]
blood film -[…] red cells and left shift (the presence of early white blood cell precursors)

Answer 11

LDH
nucleated