Lymphoma Flashcards
When Reed-Sternberg cells are present
Hodgkins
When no Reed-Sternberg cells are present
Non-Hodgkins
What is lymphoma?
cancer in the lymphoid cells & tissues
(includes the spleen)
Describe HL
predictable spread
Reed-Sternberg cells
younger than 40 years old
starts in the upper body (chest)
more treatable
Describe NHL
less predictable
no Reed-Sternberg cells
older than 60
throughout the body
challenging to treat
What are the possible causes of HL
viral infections
-Epstein Barr virus
-HIV
-Human T cell leukemia/ lymphoma virus
exposure to chemicals
What are the risk factors of NHL
immune system issues
-organ transplants, immunosuppressed
-HIV
chronic infections
exposure to dust, pesticides, insecticides
Assessment findings for lymphomas
large, painless lymph node/s
What do B symptoms mean?
poorer prognosis
How to diagnosis HL
Biopsy
staging (determine exile of disease, must be accurate, very detailed)
Staging of HL
history
physical exam
labs
-CBC, electrolyte panel, kidney function, liver function, ESR
bone marrow aspiration
CT of chest, neck, abdomen and pelvis
PET
Ann Arbor staging
How to diagnose NHL
biopsy
Classifying NHL
more complex
WHO classification
measure tumor growth and calculate prognosis (LDH levels and beta-2)
CSF
Interventions for HL
aggressive therapy
Stage 1 & 2= external radiation of lymph nodes
Stage 3 & 4= radiation and chemo
What are the complications with HL
late effect
CV disease
secondary malignancies
restrictive lung disease
endocrine dysfunction
hypothyroidism
infertility
premature menopause
