Lymphoma Flashcards
Define Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Contagious malignant tumour of lymphatic system/spleen
Abnormal B cells that are unique to Hodgkin lymphoma
Reed Sternberg cells
Age distribution and peak of Hodgkin’s
- bimodal
- 20 & 75 yo
Best prognosis type of Hodgkin’s
Lymphocyte predominant
Worst prognosis type of Hodgkin’s
Lymphocyte depleted
Good prognosis type of Hodgkin’s that is associated with a large number of Reed-Sternberg cells
Mixed cellularity
Good prognosis type of Hodgkin’s that is common in women and is associated with lacunar cells
Nodular sclerosing
Presentation of cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
- painless
- rubbery
- non-tender
Pain in lymph nodes due to Hodgkin’s is worsened by
Alcohol
Systemic effects of Hodgkin’s
- night sweats
- weight loss
- fever
- chest problem
Virus that increases the risk of Hodgkin’s
EBV
Chemical substance that increases the risk of Hodgkin’s
Benzene
Gender more at risk of Hodgkin’s
Men
Ann Arbor stage I
Single lymph node region
Ann Arbor stage II
Two or > node regions. On same side of diaphragm
Ann Arbor stage III
Node regions on both sides of diaphragm
Ann Arbor stage IV
Dissemination to one or more extra lymphatic organs or tissues
What are Reed Sternberg cells found in lymph nodes in core needle biopsy
Nuclei w/ nucleoli inside them
CD changes in core needle biopsy
+CD15/CD30
Why are low Hb & high LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) not good enough to diagnose lymphoma
Not specific
FBC findings in hodgkin’s
- anaemia
- lymphopenia
- neutrophilia
- eosinophilia
Chemotherapy agents
- adriamycin
- bleomycin
- vinblastine
- darcabazine
SEs of chemotherapy
- leukaemia
- infertility
SEs of radiotherapy
- hypothyroidism
- cancer
- nephrotic syndrome
- amyloidosis
Definition of non-Hodgkin’s
Umbrella term for non-lymphoid
Differential of Hodgkin’s from non-Hodgkin’s
No Reed-Sternberg cells
Chemical exposure that increases the risk of non-Hodgkin’s
Trichloroethylene
Viruses (& bac) that increase the risk of non-Hodgkin’s
- HIV
- EBV
- Hep B/C
- H pylori
H pylori in lymphoma is associated with
Gastric MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoma tissue)
EBV in lymphoma is associated with
- Burkitt’s lymphoma
- AIDS-related CNS lymphoma
- malaria
Hep C in lymphoma is associated with
- diffuse large B cell lymphoma
- splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 is associated with
T-cell lymphoma
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma in over 65 is characterised by
Rapidly growing
Presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- painless lymphadenopathy
- symmetrical
- multiple sites
- spread discontinuously across nodal sites
Systemic and organ-specific symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- fever
- night sweats
- weight loss
- splenomegaly
- hepatomegaly
Blood films reveal what in NH lymphoma
- uncleared red cells
- left shift
Tx options for NH lymphoma
- chemo/radio
- stem cell transplant
- monoclonal Ab (rituximab)
