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Histology homemade > Lymphoid Tissues > Flashcards

Lymphoid Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

4 Lymphoid tissue

A
  1. Thymus
  2. Tonsil
  3. Spleen
  4. Lymph node
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2
Q

All lymphoid tissues are _______

A

highly cellular

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3
Q

Primary lymphoid organs (2)

A
  1. Bone marrow

2. Thymus

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4
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs (3)

A
  1. Lymph nodes
  2. spleen
  3. Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
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5
Q

The thymus medulla is ______ and ______

A

continuous and branched

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6
Q

The thymus cortex has ______

A

lobules

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7
Q

White lines between thymus cortex lobules are called _____

A

septa

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8
Q

Thymus lobules have a “_______” appearance because:

A

Starry night appearance. It has white dots that represent macrophages

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9
Q

During formation of thymus cells migrate to _______ and differentiate into _________, and form a ______

A

During formation of thymus cells migrate to superior mediastinum and differentiate into epithelioreticular cells, and form a cytoreticulum

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10
Q

Cytoreticulum is infiltrated by ______

A

T-cell precursors (Thymocytes)

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11
Q

Epithelioretucular cells are (4 characteristics)

A
  1. cytokeratin positive
  2. support thymocytes
  3. surround capillaries & contribute to blood thymus barrier
  4. a subset form Hassall’s corpuscles
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12
Q

What fo macrophages do in thymus?

A

Clear away cells killed during positive/negative selection

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13
Q

Hassal’s corpuscles: (what are these, where do these reside, role they play)

A
  • whorls of epithelioreticular cells
  • reside in thymic medulla
  • poorly understood but appear to regulate T-cell (TR) developmen
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14
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs have 2 types, and distinguishable y their epithelial covering

A
  1. unencapsulated (covered by epithelia)

2. encapsulated

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15
Q

Unencapsulated lymphoid organs:

A
  1. tonsils
  2. Peyer’s patches
  3. appendix
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16
Q

Encapsulated lymphoid organs

A
  1. Lymph nodes

2. spleen

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17
Q

3 locations of tonsils

A
  1. lingual
  2. palatine
  3. pharyngeal
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18
Q

All secondary lymphoid organs have______

A

nodular/diffuse lymphoid tissue

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19
Q

Diffuse region of secondary lymphoid organs are the ______ zone

A

T-cell zone

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20
Q

Germinal center (lymphoid nodules) of secondary lymphoid organs are for ______

A

B-cell proliferation

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21
Q

Tonsils have _____, which increase surface area

A

crypts

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22
Q

Palatine tonsil epithelium is

A

SSNKE

23
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil epithelium is

A

is a respiratory epithelium composed of pseudo stratified epithelium with goblet cells)

24
Q

Peyer’s patch

A

Masses of lymphocytes mostly found in the ileum

25
Q

Where are Peyer’s patched located within the ileum?

A

In the submucosal membranes

26
Q

Top of Peyer’s patch areas have ______

A

M-(microfilm) cells

27
Q

M-cells have deep invaginations that allow for ________

A

B-cells to get close to lumen surface

28
Q

Basis for oral vaccinations have to do with

A

Peyer’s patches and M cells

29
Q

Appendix is connected to the _____

A

cecum

30
Q

Appendix functions:

A
  1. Endocrine organ
  2. Reserve of gut flora
  3. Surgicl Substitue for diseased ureters, sphincter in reconstructive surgery
31
Q

Lymph nodes areconcentrated in (3 places)

A
  1. Neck
  2. Axilla
  3. Groin
32
Q

Encapsulated organs are covered by

A

dense connective tissue

33
Q

In lymph nodes we hace medullary ____ and medullary _____

A

medullary cords and medullary sinuses

34
Q

Lymph node medullary chords have ____ fibers

A

reticular fibers

35
Q

Division between lymph node medullary cords and sinuses is discontinuous to allow

A

movement of cells between sinuses and cords

36
Q

Differences between lymph node and spleen sinuses

A
  • sinuses contain blood in spleen

- reticular fibers don’t span in sinusoids of spleen

37
Q

Where does lymph pass into lymph node?

A

through afferent lymphatics

38
Q

Flow of lymph in lymph nodes

A

afferent lymphatics->subcasular sinuses->trabeculum (extend inward)->medullar sinuses->coalesce into efferent lymphatic

39
Q

3 mechanisms to assure interaction between lymphocytes and pathogens

A
  1. sinuses are lined by a discontinuous epithelium
  2. Reticular fibers traverse all sinuses (have holes)
  3. afferent lymphatics outnumber efferent lymphatics
40
Q

Most lymphocytes present in a lymph node get there via the ______

A

bloodstream

41
Q

Venules within lymph nodes

A

High endothelial venuels. Are much more cuboidal and allows lymphocytes to escape the blood and enter lymph node

42
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

A viral infection can activate cells in endothelial venues (selection molecules) of lymph nodes and make them more sticky. In turn, this causes more lymphocytes to enter lymph nodes. More lymphocytes then enter lymph node than can escape and and the lymph node swells

43
Q

What area of the lymph node expands during lymphadenopathy?

A

Paracortex. Aka paracortical reaction

44
Q

Spleen functions

A

1 Immune response, B & T cells

  1. Destroy damages, senescent blood cells
    3) sequesters monocytes
    4) hematopoiesis
    5) Storage of blood/platelets
    6) Recycling of iron
45
Q

The spleen has 2 pulps:

A

Red pulp, white pulp

46
Q

In splenic white pulp, we have massive concentrations of

A

lymphocytes

47
Q

In splenic red pulp

A

the concentration of lymphocytes is much less

48
Q

Artery/vein that enters spleen

A

trabecular artery, trabecular vain

49
Q

Trabecular arteries go on to loose ______, and become ______ arteries

A

connective tissue (trabeculum) covering and become central arteries

50
Q

Central arteries are running in the middle of a ______, also called

A

sheets of lymphocytes, called periarterial lymphocyte sheath (PALS). T and B lymphocytes

51
Q

Marginal zone

A

Border on top of central artery of spleen that marks the end of perpendicular arteries that come off central artery

52
Q

Marginal zone of spleen has and what it does

A

A lot of macrophages and reticular fibers. Reticular fibers slow the blood flow down to allow foreign antigens to interact with lymphocytes surrounding central artery

53
Q

Spleen has ____circulation, What does that mean?

A

open. Means that at the end of the central artery, it branches and gives rise to branches that terminate in red pulp areas. Only way blood can go back into general circulation is bay traversing the wall of the sinusoid.

54
Q

Splenic sinuses have

A

gaps in between endothelial cells known as filtration slits. These are the slits RBC have to pass to escape the red pulp area

Histology homemade (3 decks)

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