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Histology homemade > Epithelium, glands and surface specializations > Flashcards

Epithelium, glands and surface specializations Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of epithelia (6)

A
  1. One of the four basic connective tissues
  2. From continuous sheet lining free surface
  3. Polarized: free apical surface, basal surface attached to basal lamina
  4. Express keratin intermediate filament
  5. All are avascular
  6. Two general classes: lining or glandular
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2
Q

Four basic connective tissues

A

epithelia, nerve, muscle, connective tissue

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3
Q

Epithelial Functions (8)

A
  1. Protection
  2. Surface Transport
  3. Absorption
  4. Secretion
  5. Transepithelial-transport
  6. Reproductive
  7. Special Sensory
  8. Contraction
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4
Q

Epithelial type is determined by ______ and _______.

A

Epithelial type is determined by the number of layers (simple/stratified) and cell shape at the free surface.

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5
Q

Thin and scale-like surface shape (1 layer)

A

Simple squamous

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6
Q

Cube shaped. Tall as they are wide. (1 layer)

A

Simple cuboidal

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7
Q

Much taller than wide (1 layer)

A

Simple columnar

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8
Q

Much taller than wide (2 layers)

A

Stratified columnar

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9
Q

Scale-like (2 layers)

A

Stratified squamous

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10
Q

Have a layer of dead cells in apical surface

A

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium (SSKE)

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11
Q

Does not have a layer of dead cells in apical surface

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium

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12
Q

All cells contact basal lamina, not all reach free surface. Typically has cilia except in parts of male reproductive system

A

Pseudostratified

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13
Q

Stratified epithelia never have ____

A

cilia

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14
Q

Large surface cells (umbrella cells, often binucleate. Unique to urinary system. Technically a pseudo stratified. Surface cells much larger Han base cells

A

Transitional

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15
Q

When looking at a sample, always look for the _________ as it will usually be representative.

A

simplest form of an epithelium

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16
Q

Unite epithelial cells and form an apical barrier

A

Zonular junctional complexes (eg. zonula occludens & zonula adherens)

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17
Q

Zonula occludens

A

aka tight junctions, regulate apical border seal, create apical/basolateral domains

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18
Q

Zonula occludens provide a selective _______ barrier

A

permeability

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19
Q

Transmembrane proteins in zona occludens (2)

A
  1. Occludin
  2. Claudin

In cytoskeletal proteins: actin

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20
Q

Zona adherens

A

aka intermediate junctions

It is a Ca2+ dependent intercellular junction

21
Q

Zonula adherens has ____ homotypic intercellular linkages

A

E-cadherin=Ca-dependent adhesion

22
Q

Zonula adherens is continuous with ____ and _____

A

Zonula adherens is continuous with actin and cytoskeleton

23
Q

Zonula adherens transduce signals from _____

A

Zonula adherens transduce signals from adjacent cells (and respond to stretching

24
Q

pore-forming complex comprised of connexins/connexons

A

Gap juctions

25
Q

Gap junctions facilitates transcellular movement of:

A
  1. metabolites
  2. 2nd messengers
  3. ions
  4. widespread
26
Q

Pumps in gap junctions are called _____

A

Connexons

27
Q

Basal lamina provides physical _______

A

Basal lamina provides physical support for epithelia

28
Q

Basal lamina plays role in _______, ______, and _____

A

Basal lamina plays role in development, morphogenesis and differentiation

29
Q

Basal lamina plays a role in ______ following injury

A

cell migration

30
Q

Basal lamina may be _____

A

discontinuous

31
Q

Basal lamina is comprised of _____, _____, and _____

A

Type IV collagen, lamina, nidogen

32
Q

2 lamina in basal lamina

A

Lamina lucida (top) and lamina densa (bottom)

33
Q

3 types of epithelial glands

A
  1. Unicellular
  2. Multicellular simple
  3. Multicellular compound
34
Q

Unicellular gland

A

pseudostratified, simple columnar epithelia

35
Q

Multicellular, simple gland

A

unbranched duct

36
Q

Multicellular, compound gland

A

branched duct

37
Q

Exocrine secretion

A

into ducts

38
Q

Modes of exocrine secretion

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
  4. Mixed
39
Q

Endocrine secretion

A

into capillaries

40
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

secretion by exocytosis; only the product is

released

41
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

aka decapitation secretion; a portion of the apical

cytoplasm is released along with the product.

42
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

the entire cell and its

contents (sebum) become the secretory product

43
Q

3 categories of glands

A
  1. Serous gland
  2. mucous gland
  3. mixed seromucous
44
Q

serous gland

A

Watery secretion, abundant RER, round nucleus, cells well stained

45
Q

mucous gland

A
  1. thick secretion, clear cytoplasm, flat nucleus, cells poorly stained
46
Q

_______ cells help to expel the secretory products

A

Myoepithelial cells

47
Q

Myoepithelial cells contain ____, and also ____ and _____

A

Myoepithelial cells contain keratin, and also actin and myosin

48
Q

Also known as basket cells

A

myoepithelial cells

49
Q

Typical secretions from merocrine

glands

A
  • zymogens
    • sweat
    • mucous
    • lysozyme

Histology homemade (3 decks)

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