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Histology homemade > Blood and connective tissue > Flashcards

Blood and connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissue Functions (7)

A
  1. Provides the structural integrity of tissues and organs
  2. Provides mechanical properties
  3. Provides environment for differentiation and residence
    for immune cells
  4. Facilitates exchange of metabolites, electrolytes and
    water
  5. Energy storage
  6. Heat production
    7.Repair and restoration of tissue architecture following
    damage
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2
Q

Cells that arise within the connective tissue

A

Indigenous cells

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3
Q

Indigenous cells (5)

A
  1. mesenchymal cells (embryonic)
  2. fibroblasts
  3. adipocytes
  4. osteogenic cells and their derivatives*
  5. chondrogenic cells and their derivatives*
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4
Q

Cells that originate from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

A

Immigrant cells

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5
Q

Immigrant cells (4)

A
  1. macrophages (derived from monocytes)
  2. mast cells
  3. lymphocytes
  4. Plasma cells
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6
Q

Mesenchymal cells (what are they and what they can differentiate into (5):

A

multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into:

  1. myocytes (muscle cells)
  2. adipocytes (fat cells)
  3. chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
  4. osteoblasts (bone forming cells)
  5. neurons
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7
Q

Histological appearance of Mesychymal cells

A

can see a lot of white spacem(embedded in hydrated extracellular matrix)

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8
Q

Fibroblasts (what are they)

A

Most common cell in connective tissues and synthesize most extracellular matrix components.

Also have the capacity to differentiate into myofibroblasts in normal and wound healing conditions)

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9
Q

Fibroblasts Histological characteristics

A

Usually only see nuclei, since cytoplasm and extracellular matrix stain similarly.

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10
Q

2 Types of adiposites

A

white and brown

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11
Q

White adipocytes are _____

A

unilocular

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12
Q

Brown adipocytes are ______

A

multilocular

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13
Q

Histological properties of white adipocytes

A

Look like big white bulbs

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14
Q

Histological properties of brown adipocytes

A

Has more color than white adypocites because they have a lot of mitochondria attached to their cytoplasm

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15
Q

Histological properties of macrophages

A

Have a lot of cellular inclusions (nuclei, phagosomes, etc)

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16
Q

Macrophages come from _______

A

Monocytes

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17
Q

Histological properties of Mast cells:

A
  • central nucleus with cytoplasm packed with granules

- granules exhibit metachromasia

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18
Q

metachromasia

A

shift in color due to interaction of negative charge with Toludine Blue

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19
Q

Mast cell granules contain _____ (anticoagulant), and _____ (vasodilator)

A

Mast cell granules contain heparin (anticoagulant), and histamine (vasodilator)

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20
Q

Histological characteristics of lymphocytes

A

Almost all nuclei with little cytoplasm

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21
Q

Plasma cells histological properties

A

“Clock-face” heterochromatin pattern.

Eccentric nucleus

Prominent Golgi

Abundant RER

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22
Q

Collagen fibers are comprised of _____

A

fibrils

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23
Q

Crosslinks in collagen fibers are comprised of ______ & ________

A

Crosslinks in collagen fibers are comprised of hydroxilysine & hydroxyproline

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24
Q

Collagen has a ____helix, with a typical sequence of ____ repeating amino acids ______, _____ and _____

A

Collagen has a triple helix, with a typical sequence of three repeating amino acids glycine, proline and hydroxyproline

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25
Q

Most abundant collagen

A

Type I

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26
Q

Type I collagen disease

A

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

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27
Q

Ehlers Danlos syndrome symptoms

A

lax skin, hypertensile joints, keloids (scar tissue accumulation)

28
Q

Histological properties of collagen I

A

look like fibers with spaces in between the that are darker because they accumulate stain

29
Q

Location of collagen fibers (I, II, III)

A

I- nearly everywhere execpt hyaline cartilage
II- abundant in hyaline cartilages, found in many organs during development; in adult in eye and ear
III–many lymphoid organs, liver, reticular dermis (skin)

30
Q

Type II collagen histological characteristics

A

Has band pattern

31
Q

Type III collagen fibrils

A

Have reticular “little net” fibers that are highly branched

32
Q

Non-fibrillar collagens

A

Represent most known collagens, form basement membrane (collagen type IV)

33
Q

Elastic fibers have 2 components: ______ and _______

A

Elastic fibers have 2 components: microfibril and tropoelastin (elastin)

34
Q

Elasticity of elastic fibers comes from ______ by the molecule ______ and accomplished by the enzyme _______

A

Elasticity of elastic fibers comes from cross linking by the molecule desmosine and accomplished by the enzyme Lysyl oxidase

35
Q

In Marfan syndrome _______ is mutated

A

Fibrillin-1

36
Q

Fibrillin-1 sequesters _____ and regulates its bioavailability

A

TGF-beta

37
Q

Excess of _____ in Marfan may predispose many of the phenotypes

A

TGF-beta

38
Q

Cutis laxa shows:

A

skin that is loose, wrinkled an lacking elasticity

39
Q

Cutis laxa has to do with _______ molecule

A

Fibrillin-1

40
Q

Extracellular Matrix (Ground Substance) includes (3):

A
  1. proteoglycans
  2. glycosaminoglycans
  3. glycoproteins
41
Q

Characteristics of ground substance (4)

A

1) Highly charged – thus hygroscopic (hydrated)
2) Charge confers compressive resistance
(e.g. articular cartilage)
3) Limited protein components (poor staining qualities)
4) Permits nutrient/gas exchange (especially in
avascular tissues)

42
Q

Ground substance histological characteristics

A

Are the white spaces of collagen seen in slides

43
Q

Connective tissues types (9)

A
  1. Dense regular
  2. Dense irregular
  3. Loose (areolar)
  4. Elastic
  5. Adipose
  6. Reticular
  7. Blood
  8. Cartilage
  9. Bone
44
Q

Dense regular CTs (function)

A
  • provide tensile strength to:
  • tendons (connecting muscle to bone)
  • ligaments (connecting bone to bone)
45
Q

Dense regular CTs (histological characteristics)

A
  • collagenous tissues with densely packed fibers arranged in parallel
  • Very little ground substance
46
Q

Dense irregular CTs Histological characteristics

A

Not oriented in one plane

-varied collagen fiber & fibroblast nuclei orientations

47
Q

Loose connective tissue histoproperties

A

Has a lot of ground substance

You can see mast cell degranulation and fibroblasts

Glands are surrounded by this

48
Q

Elastic tissue types seen in histosamples (2)

A

elastic artery wall (elastic lamellae)=has sheets

dermis (branched elastic fibers)=branched irregular

49
Q

Reticular tissue is composed of _______ and supports channels in ____, _____ and ______.

A

Reticular tissue is composed of Branched Type III Collagen and supports channels in liver, lymph nodes and spleen.

50
Q

Staining used for blood samples

A

Romanowsky Staining

51
Q

Eryhrocytes

A

RBC

52
Q

Erythrocytes predecessor and how they stain:

A

reticulocytes

display some cytoplasmic basophilia due to the still-present ribosomes; reticulocyte numbers provide a good measure of erythropoietic activity

53
Q

2 types of White blood cells

A
  1. Granulocytes

2. Agranulocytes

54
Q

Granulocytes (3)

A
  1. neutrophils (majority)
  2. eosinophils
  3. basophils
55
Q

Agranulocytes

A
  1. Lymphocytes

2. Monocytes

56
Q

Neutrophils histoproperties

A

(they contain specific

cytoplasmic granules) and also possess multilobed nuclei.

57
Q

Eosinophils histoproperties

A
  • bilobed nucleus (usually)
  • prominent eosinophilic granules
  • LOVE Eosin so stain bright pink
58
Q

Basopils histoproperties

A

-bilobed nucleus (usually) -prominent basophilic granules usually obscure the nucleus -

59
Q

Basophils can be distinguished from mast cells by:

A

a) bilobed nucleus (mast is single)
b) usually observed in blood
(mast cells only seen in CTs)

60
Q

Monocytes histoproperties

A 
large indented (or U-shaped) nucleus   -pale stained cytoplasm containing
fine granules (lysosomes)
61
Q

Other name for platelets

A

thrombocytes

62
Q

Platelets histoproperties

A
  1. contain a central granulomere (stains well) and peripheral hyalomere (stains poorly)
  2. exist in resting and activated forms
63
Q

Type 3 collage fibrils aka as

A

reticular fibers

64
Q

Reticular fibers are very present in (organ)

A

liver

65
Q

Loose connective tissue is also called

A

areolar

66
Q

Best place to find loose connective tissue is

A

mesentery

67
Q

Cells most abundant in blood in order

A

neutrophils (most)->lymphocytes->basophils (least)

Histology homemade (3 decks)

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