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IMSE LEC PRELIM > LYMPHOID SYSTEM > Flashcards

LYMPHOID SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

structured to recognize,
respond to, and destroy a wide variety of invading organism that would otherwise be capable of promoting infections, harmful to the body

A

IMMUNE SYSTEM

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2
Q

ability of an individual to
resist infections by means of normally present body functions.

A

natural immunity

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3
Q

type of resistance that is
characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or microbial agent.

A

acquired immunity

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4
Q

represents 20-40% of the circulating
WBCs. Considered as the 2nd dominant circulating WBC in the bloodstream next to neutrophil.

A

lymphocytes

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5
Q

is sparse, containing few organelles and
no specific granules, and consists of a narrow ring surrounding the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

Lymphocyte circulation is complex and is regulated by different cell surface adhesion molecules and by chemical messengers called

A

cytokines

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7
Q

it’s function is for maturation of the B cell and T cell

A

Primary Lymphoid organs

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8
Q

If the lymphocyte matured in the thymus the cell is known as

A

T-cell

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9
Q

Example of primary Lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow, thymus

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10
Q

Example of secondary Lymphoid Organs

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, appendix, tonsils, peyer’s patches

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11
Q

further maturation, differentiation,
proliferation of T cells and B cells.

A

secondary lymphoid organ

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12
Q

fills the core of all long bones and is the
main source of hematopoietic stem cells, which develop into different cell types

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

what are the 3 major population of lymphocytes?

A

T cell, B cell, Natural Killer Cells

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14
Q

portal of entry for macrophages

A

mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

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15
Q

an organ which is small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax, or chest cavity, right below the thyroid gland and overlying the heart.

A

thymus

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16
Q

Largest secondary lymphoid organ.

A

spleen

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17
Q

makes up more than one-half of the total volume, and its function is to destroy old red blood cells

A

red pulp

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18
Q

comprises approximately 20 percent of the total weight of the spleen and contains the lymphoid tissue, which is arranged around arterioles in a
periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

A

white pulp

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19
Q

occurs in the secondary tissue, but this is strictly
dependent on antigenic stimulation, while
formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow is
antigen-independent

A

lymphopoiesis

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20
Q

When antigen entered the spleen, it will activate B cells and form a structure known as the

A

germinal center

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21
Q

Germinal center is also known as

A

Secondary follicle

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22
Q

The lymph fluid flows slowly through spaces called

A

sinuses

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23
Q

main function of lymph nodes

A

filtration

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24
Q

Contains macrophages and aggregations of B cells in primary follicles, follicular dendritic cells, secondary follicles (germinal center), plasma cells, and memory cells

A

cortex

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25
T lymphocytes are in close proximity to antigen presenting cells called
interdigitating cells.
26
physiological mechanisms that endow the animal with the capacity to recognize materials as foreign to itself and to neutralize, eliminate or metabolize them with or without injury to its own tissues.
immunity
27
Serves as an antigen trapping site. Increase the probability of an immune response
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
28
main source of hematopoietic stem cells, which develop into different cell types.
bone marrow
29
released from the marrow and travel to additional primary lymphoid organs where further maturation takes place.
Lymphocyte stem cells
30
T cells percentage
61-80%
31
B cells percentage
20%
32
Natural Killer Cells percentage
10-15%
33
predominant in the bone marrow compared to other cells.
WBC
34
In thymus, what cell play a central role in this differentiation process.
epithelial cells
35
acquired as the lymphocytes travel from the cortex to the medulla
Surface antigens
36
2 major parts of thymus
- cortex - medulla
37
What lymphocytes are released from the medulla
Mature T lymphocytes
38
Each of these lines has specific precursors that originate from
Bone Marrow
39
characterized as a large discriminating filter, as it removes old and damaged cells and foreign antigens from the blood
Spleen
40
Splenic tissue can be divided into two main types
- red pulp - white pulp
41
It contains B cells that are not yet stimulated by antigens.
primary follicles
42
What surrounds the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath or PALS
marginal zone
43
marginal zone contains _____ that trap antigen
dendritic cell
44
increases its diameter accumulate more lymph fluid that contains antigen
Afferent lymphatic
45
decrease its diameter for better trapping of antigens
efferent lymphatic
46
Accumulation of lymphocytes and other cells causes the lymph nodes to become enlarged, a condition known as
lymphadenopathy
47
Located along lymphatic ducts and serve as central collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent tissues.
Lymph Nodes
48
Outermost region
Cortex
49
Located between the cortex and medulla region
Paracortex
50
contains inactivated B cells
Primary follicle
51
contains activated B cells
Secondary follicle
52
Less densely populated
Medulla
53
located at the junction of the small and large intestines
appendix
54
Some T cells, B cells and numerous plasma cells are found in this region.
medulla
55
located at the lower ileum of the intestinal tract
Peyer’s patches
56
lymphoid tissue found in the mucous membrane lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities.
tonsils
57
Organs associated with MALT
- appendix - tonsils - payer's patches
58
contains a number of intraepidermal lymphocytes.
Epidermis
59
differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells and are responsible for Humoral immunity or antibody production
B cells
60
play a role in Cell-mediated immunity, and as such, they produce sensitized lymphocytes that secrete cytokines
Cell-mediated Immunity
61
small polypeptides that regulate the functions of lymphocytes and other cells involved in the immune response
cytokines
62
Proteins that appear on cell surfaces can be used as markers to differentiate T cells and B cells
surface markers or surface markers on lymphocytes
63
CD markers for Mature T cells
CD2, CD3, CD4 or 8
64
CD markers for Mature B cells
CD19, CD21, CD23
65
CD marker that was first discovered in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
CD10
66
First step is the rearrangement of genes that code for the heavy and light chains of an antibody molecule.
Pro B cell
67
The end result is a B lymphocyte programmed to produce
antibody
68
heavy chains are coded on
chromosome 14
69
coded on chromosome 2
KAPPA light chain
70
coded on chromosome 22
LAMBDA light chain
71
The pro-B cell has distinctive markers that include surface antigens
CD19, CD45R, CD43, CD24, and c-Kit.
72
found in Intracellular proteins
- terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase - recombination-activating genes RAG-1 and RAG2
73
immunoglobulin in pre b cell
IgM
74
The first heavy chains synthesized are the __
mu chain
75
What CD marker lose in pre b cell
CD43
76
Pre-B cells may also express μ chains on the cell surface, accompanied by an unusual light chain molecule called
surrogate light chain
77
surrogate light chain also known as
immature light chain
78
The combination of the two heavy chains with the surrogate light chains plus two very short chains form
pre-B cell receptor
79
what cells can proceed to immature b cells?
pre-B cells expressing the mu heavy chains
80
Rearrangement of genetic sequence coding for light chains on either chromosome 2 or 22
immature b cell
81
μ chains are no longer detectable in the cytoplasm
immature b cell
82
surface marker that appear on the immature B cell
CD21, CD40
83
receptor to EBV
CD21
84
where did immature B cells develop into mature cells
spleen
85
Other immature B cells become
follicular B cells
86
Immunoglobulin in mature B cell
IgD
87
B cell is stimulated by antigen, it undergoes transformation to
blast stage
88
The process of Blast stage forms memory cells and antibody secreting plasma cells is known as
antigen dependent phase
89
CD marker that appears on both T cell and B cell
CD25
90
CD23 acts as a receptor to which interleukin
Interleukin 2
91
It is nondividing, and after several days of antibody production, they die without further proliferation.
Plasma cells
92
Plasma cell has fully differentiated lymphocyte and has the function of
antibody production
93
A significant selection process occurs as maturation takes place
T lymphocyte
94
thymus have two main zones
Outer cortex – immature T cells Inner medulla – mature T cells
95
Interleukin associated with critical for growth and differentiation.
Interleukin 7
96
What are the cell included in Thymic stromal cells
epithelial cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells
97
immature T cell is both negative in CD4 and CD8 marker
double negative stage
98
Rearrangement of the genes that code for the antigen receptor known as
T cell receptor complex
99
Signaling by the β chain also triggers the thymocyte to become
CD4 and CD8 positive
100
the complex that serves as the main part of the T-cell antigen receptor.
CD3
101
chains that are collectively known as CD3
epsilon, delta, gamma, zeta
102
CD8+ T cells interact with antigen and MHC class ____
MHC class I
103
responsible for presenting and processing antigen to CD4+ T cells
MHC class II protein.
104
Third major subclass CD4+ T-Cell population
T regulatory cells
105
CD marker for T regulatory cells
CD4 and CD25
106
Plays an important role in suppressing the immune response to self-antigen
T regulatory cells
107
Third population lymphocytes
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
108
These lymphocytes are generally larger than T cells and B cells at approximately 15 μm in diameter, and they contain kidney-shaped nuclei with condensed chromatin and prominent nucleoli.
NKC
109
A second method of destroying target cells is also available to NK cells.
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
110
antibody responsible for ADCC of NK cell.
IgG
111
Binding occurs through
CD16 and IgG
112
identify cell size
Forward light scatter
113
Lymphocytes are separated from whole blood and then mixed with a suspension of sheep red blood cells
rosette test
114
An automated system for identifying cells based on the scattering of light as cells flow in single file through a laser beam
cell flow cytometry
115
Fluorescent antibodies are used to screen of subpopulation of T and B cells
cell flow cytometry
116
Use monoclonal antibodies. Unknown antibody which is fixed
Direct immunofluorescence
117
Use of unlabeled antibody. HAs a known antigen
Indirect immunofluorescense

IMSE LEC PRELIM (5 decks)

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