Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMSE LEC PRELIM > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

small soluble proteins that regulate the
immune system, orchestrating both innate immunity and the adaptive response to infection.

A

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

effects of cytokines in vivo

A

regulation of
growth, differentiation, and gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

induced in response to specific
stimuli—such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides,
flagellin, or other bacterial products— through the
ligation of cell adhesion molecules or through the
recognition of foreign antigens by host lymphocytes.

A

cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

important in the 1st
step during hematopoiesis

A

interleukin 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

single cytokine has many different actions

A

Pleiotropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

They have the same receptor found
on B cells during proliferation process.

A

IL 2, IL-4, IL-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Massive uncontrolled overproduction and
dysregulation of cytokines (“cytokine storm”) may
lead to

A
  • shock
  • mutliorgan failure
  • death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cytokines will also exert
systemic activities.

A

endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

affecting the same cell that secreted it

A

Autocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cytokines that released by a cell affecting
a target cell in close proximity

A

paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cooperative effect of multiple cytokines

A

Synergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

two or more cytokines has the same receptor found on that same cell.

A

redundancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acts in synergy with IL-12 to promote growth
of T cytotoxic cells (CD8+ T cell)

A

IL-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acts synergy with IL-18 to stimulate INF
gamma production

A

IL-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inhibition of one cytokine effects by another cytokine

A

Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

can act as an antagonist to INF
gamma.

A

IL-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this characteristic is usually needed to inhibit other cytokines to avoid overactive overproduction of
cytokines.

A

antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Do not act alone

A

Act in networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

modulate the number and composition of cells

A

Act as growth factors for hematopoietic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Families of Cytokines

A

 TNF (Tumor necrosis factor)
 IFN (interferon)
 Chemokines
 TGF (transforming growth factor)
 CSF (colony stimulating factor)
 IL (interleukins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

are unrelated cytokines that must
satisfy three criteria in order to be classified
interleukins: they must have had their genes
cloned, they must be inducible in leukocytes,
and their biological activities in inflammatory
processes must be catalogued.

A

interleukin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

responsible for many of the physical symptoms
attributed to inflammation, such as fever, swelling,
pain, and cellular infiltrates into damaged tissues

IT is the overall reaction of our body due to injury or trauma.

A

Cytokines in the Innate Immune Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pro-inflammatory agent

A

IL-1,
IL-6,
IL-8, AND TNF-α

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cytokines involved in triggering response of recruiting effector cells to the area

A

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-a
TGF - b
IFN a, IFN b
Chemokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mediator of the innate immune response.

A

IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Types of IL-1

A

IL-1 a
IL-1 b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

as an endogenous pyrogen

A

IL-1a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

responsible for most of the systemic
activity attributed to IL-1

A

IL1-b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

considered as a
proinflammatory cytokines produce by
monocyte and macrophage.

A

IL-1a
IL-1b
IL-1RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

This acts as an antagonist to IL-1 alpha and
beta by blocking the IL-1 receptor and limiting
the availability of the receptor for IL-1.

A

IL-1 RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Principal mediator of the acute inflammatory
response to gram negative bacteria and other
infectious microbes

A

TNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Stimulates gene transcription or induces apoptosis or
programmed cell death

A

TNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

presence
of lipopolysaccharide, found in gram-negative
bacteria.

A

TNF-a

33
Q

enhance motility and promote migration of many types of white blood cells toward the source of the chemokine

A

chemokines

34
Q

exists in both membrane-bound and soluble
forms and causes vasodilation and increased
vasopermeability

A

TNF-a

35
Q

single protein produced by both lymphoid and
nonlymphoid cell types

A

IL-6

36
Q

primarily triggers the secretion of IL-6

A

IL-1

37
Q

expressed by a variety of normal and
transformed cells, including T cells, B cells,
monocytes and macrophages, fibroblasts,
hepatocytes, keratinocytes, astrocytes, vascular
endothelial cells, and various tumor cells

A

IL-6

38
Q

Pleomorphic activities of IL-6

A

 Inflammation
 Acute phase reactions
 Immunoglobulins synthesis
 Activation states of B cells and T cells
 Proliferation and differentiation of B cells into Plasma
cells

39
Q

induce chemokine production in the inflammatory
response.

A

TNF- α and IL-6

40
Q

chemokines family

A

alpha, or CXC, chemokine
Beta or CC, chemokines:
C chemokines
o CX3C:

41
Q

: contains a single
amino acid between the first and second
cysteines.

A

alpha, or CXC, chemokine

42
Q

has adjacent
cysteine residues.

A

Beta or CC, chemokines

43
Q

lacks one of the cysteines.

A

C chemokines

44
Q

has three amino acids between the
cysteines.

A

CX3C

45
Q

was originally characterized as a factor that
induced growth arrest in tumor cells. Later it was identified as a factor that induces antiproliferative activity in a wide variety of cell types

A

TGF-b

46
Q

Were originally named because they literally interfere
with viral replication process in an infected cell.

A

interferon

47
Q

Takes part in the process of immunoregulation

A

interferon a.b

48
Q

produced primarily during initial innate response to viral infection

A

Type 1 IFN: or non-immune IFN

49
Q

produce by mononuclear phagocytes

A

IFN-α:

50
Q

produce by fibroblast

A

IFN-β

51
Q

considered as immune IFN

A

IFN- γ

52
Q

Adaptive immune response is mainly secreted by

A

T cells, especially T helper (Th) cells, and affect T- and B-cell function more directly.

53
Q

regulate the activities of Th1 and Th2 cells

A

T-reg / t-regulatory cell

54
Q

regulate activities of IL-2, IFN-γ

A

Th1 cytokines

55
Q

IL-4, IL-5, IL-10

A

TH2 cytokines

56
Q

Dendritic cells in damaged tissues produce what interleukin in response to certain stimuli such as mycobacteria, intracellular bacteria, and viruses.

A

IL-12

57
Q

Acts in synergy with IL-2 to promote growth of Tcytotoxic T cells or CD8+ T cell

A

Th1 Cytokines

58
Q

Activation of _____ cells induces high level of
expressions of IFN-ɣ

A

Th1

59
Q

Produced mainly by Th1 cells

A

IFN-ɣ

60
Q

Stimulates antigen presentation by Class II MHC
molecules that will presented to CD4+ T-cells.

A

IFN-ɣ

61
Q

Th1 cells, CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells,
bactericidal activities, IL-12R (IL-12 Receptor) and IL18R are all regulated by

A

IFN-ɣ

62
Q

act synergistically to
stimulate IFN-ɣ production

A

IL-12 and IL-18

63
Q

also known as the T-cell growth factor.

A

IL-2

64
Q

It drives the growth and differentiation of both T and
B cells and induces lytic activity in NK cells

A

IL-2

65
Q

cells are primarily responsible for antibodymediated immunit

A

Th2 Cytokines

66
Q

Th2 Cytokines Induces the production of

A

o IL-4
o IL-5
o IL-10

67
Q

Triggers activation, proliferation and differentiation of
B-cells

A

IL-4

68
Q

Responsible in allergic reactions, parasitic infections
and autoimmune diseases

A

IL-4

69
Q

Increases expression of MHC-II on resting B cells

A

IL-4

70
Q

Inhibits the accessory functions of mononuclear
phagocytes for T-cell activation

A

IL-10

71
Q

Acts as an antagonist to INF-gamma

A

IL-10

72
Q

important in first stage of hematopoiesis, where
HSC’s will differentiate into lymphoid stems cells or myeloid stem cells.

multilineage

differentiation of t cell and b cell

A

IL-3

73
Q

regulate immune activities

A

IL-4

74
Q

produce wide variety of infection

A

IL-4

75
Q

platelet lineage

A

Megakaryocyte-CSF

76
Q

main function is to differentiate WBC

A

GM-CSF

77
Q

secrete neutrophil. Enhance function of matured neutrophil - affects survival, proliferation

neutrophil lineage

A

G-CSF

78
Q

associated with platelet production

produced within the liver

A

TPO

79
Q

it has a normal serum EPO for about 5-28 microns per liter

A

EPO

80
Q

used for patients that decrease hemoglobin

A

EPO-alpha

IMSE LEC PRELIM (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions