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IMSE LEC PRELIM > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

small soluble proteins that regulate the
immune system, orchestrating both innate immunity and the adaptive response to infection.

A

Cytokines

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2
Q

effects of cytokines in vivo

A

regulation of
growth, differentiation, and gene expression

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3
Q

induced in response to specific
stimuli—such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides,
flagellin, or other bacterial products— through the
ligation of cell adhesion molecules or through the
recognition of foreign antigens by host lymphocytes.

A

cytokines

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4
Q

important in the 1st
step during hematopoiesis

A

interleukin 3

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5
Q

single cytokine has many different actions

A

Pleiotropism

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6
Q

They have the same receptor found
on B cells during proliferation process.

A

IL 2, IL-4, IL-5

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7
Q

Massive uncontrolled overproduction and
dysregulation of cytokines (“cytokine storm”) may
lead to

A
  • shock
  • mutliorgan failure
  • death
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8
Q

cytokines will also exert
systemic activities.

A

endocrine

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8
Q

affecting the same cell that secreted it

A

Autocrine

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9
Q

cytokines that released by a cell affecting
a target cell in close proximity

A

paracrine

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10
Q

cooperative effect of multiple cytokines

A

Synergy

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11
Q

two or more cytokines has the same receptor found on that same cell.

A

redundancy

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12
Q

acts in synergy with IL-12 to promote growth
of T cytotoxic cells (CD8+ T cell)

A

IL-2

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13
Q

acts synergy with IL-18 to stimulate INF
gamma production

A

IL-12

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14
Q

inhibition of one cytokine effects by another cytokine

A

Antagonist

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15
Q

can act as an antagonist to INF
gamma.

A

IL-10

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16
Q

this characteristic is usually needed to inhibit other cytokines to avoid overactive overproduction of
cytokines.

A

antagonist

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17
Q

Do not act alone

A

Act in networks

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18
Q

modulate the number and composition of cells

A

Act as growth factors for hematopoietic cells

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19
Q

Families of Cytokines

A

 TNF (Tumor necrosis factor)
 IFN (interferon)
 Chemokines
 TGF (transforming growth factor)
 CSF (colony stimulating factor)
 IL (interleukins)

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20
Q

are unrelated cytokines that must
satisfy three criteria in order to be classified
interleukins: they must have had their genes
cloned, they must be inducible in leukocytes,
and their biological activities in inflammatory
processes must be catalogued.

A

interleukin

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21
Q

responsible for many of the physical symptoms
attributed to inflammation, such as fever, swelling,
pain, and cellular infiltrates into damaged tissues

IT is the overall reaction of our body due to injury or trauma.

A

Cytokines in the Innate Immune Response

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22
Q

pro-inflammatory agent

A

IL-1,
IL-6,
IL-8, AND TNF-α

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23
Q

Cytokines involved in triggering response of recruiting effector cells to the area

A

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-a
TGF - b
IFN a, IFN b
Chemokines

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24
Mediator of the innate immune response.
IL-1
25
Types of IL-1
IL-1 a IL-1 b
26
as an endogenous pyrogen
IL-1a
27
responsible for most of the systemic activity attributed to IL-1
IL1-b
28
considered as a proinflammatory cytokines produce by monocyte and macrophage.
IL-1a IL-1b IL-1RA
29
This acts as an antagonist to IL-1 alpha and beta by blocking the IL-1 receptor and limiting the availability of the receptor for IL-1.
IL-1 RA
30
Principal mediator of the acute inflammatory response to gram negative bacteria and other infectious microbes
TNF
31
Stimulates gene transcription or induces apoptosis or programmed cell death
TNF
32
presence of lipopolysaccharide, found in gram-negative bacteria.
TNF-a
33
enhance motility and promote migration of many types of white blood cells toward the source of the chemokine
chemokines
34
exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms and causes vasodilation and increased vasopermeability
TNF-a
35
single protein produced by both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell types
IL-6
36
primarily triggers the secretion of IL-6
IL-1
37
expressed by a variety of normal and transformed cells, including T cells, B cells, monocytes and macrophages, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, keratinocytes, astrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and various tumor cells
IL-6
38
Pleomorphic activities of IL-6
 Inflammation  Acute phase reactions  Immunoglobulins synthesis  Activation states of B cells and T cells  Proliferation and differentiation of B cells into Plasma cells
39
induce chemokine production in the inflammatory response.
TNF- α and IL-6
40
chemokines family
alpha, or CXC, chemokine Beta or CC, chemokines: C chemokines o CX3C:
41
: contains a single amino acid between the first and second cysteines.
alpha, or CXC, chemokine
42
has adjacent cysteine residues.
Beta or CC, chemokines
43
lacks one of the cysteines.
C chemokines
44
has three amino acids between the cysteines.
CX3C
45
was originally characterized as a factor that induced growth arrest in tumor cells. Later it was identified as a factor that induces antiproliferative activity in a wide variety of cell types
TGF-b
46
Were originally named because they literally interfere with viral replication process in an infected cell.
interferon
47
Takes part in the process of immunoregulation
interferon a.b
48
produced primarily during initial innate response to viral infection
Type 1 IFN: or non-immune IFN
49
produce by mononuclear phagocytes
IFN-α:
50
produce by fibroblast
IFN-β
51
considered as immune IFN
IFN- γ
52
Adaptive immune response is mainly secreted by
T cells, especially T helper (Th) cells, and affect T- and B-cell function more directly.
53
regulate the activities of Th1 and Th2 cells
T-reg / t-regulatory cell
54
regulate activities of IL-2, IFN-γ
Th1 cytokines
55
IL-4, IL-5, IL-10
TH2 cytokines
56
Dendritic cells in damaged tissues produce what interleukin in response to certain stimuli such as mycobacteria, intracellular bacteria, and viruses.
IL-12
57
Acts in synergy with IL-2 to promote growth of Tcytotoxic T cells or CD8+ T cell
Th1 Cytokines
58
Activation of _____ cells induces high level of expressions of IFN-ɣ
Th1
59
Produced mainly by Th1 cells
IFN-ɣ
60
Stimulates antigen presentation by Class II MHC molecules that will presented to CD4+ T-cells.
IFN-ɣ
61
Th1 cells, CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells, bactericidal activities, IL-12R (IL-12 Receptor) and IL18R are all regulated by
IFN-ɣ
62
act synergistically to stimulate IFN-ɣ production
IL-12 and IL-18
63
also known as the T-cell growth factor.
IL-2
64
It drives the growth and differentiation of both T and B cells and induces lytic activity in NK cells
IL-2
65
cells are primarily responsible for antibodymediated immunit
Th2 Cytokines
66
Th2 Cytokines Induces the production of
o IL-4 o IL-5 o IL-10
67
Triggers activation, proliferation and differentiation of B-cells
IL-4
68
Responsible in allergic reactions, parasitic infections and autoimmune diseases
IL-4
69
Increases expression of MHC-II on resting B cells
IL-4
70
Inhibits the accessory functions of mononuclear phagocytes for T-cell activation
IL-10
71
Acts as an antagonist to INF-gamma
IL-10
72
important in first stage of hematopoiesis, where HSC’s will differentiate into lymphoid stems cells or myeloid stem cells. multilineage differentiation of t cell and b cell
IL-3
73
regulate immune activities
IL-4
74
produce wide variety of infection
IL-4
75
platelet lineage
Megakaryocyte-CSF
76
main function is to differentiate WBC
GM-CSF
77
secrete neutrophil. Enhance function of matured neutrophil - affects survival, proliferation neutrophil lineage
G-CSF
78
associated with platelet production produced within the liver
TPO
79
it has a normal serum EPO for about 5-28 microns per liter
EPO
80
used for patients that decrease hemoglobin
EPO-alpha

IMSE LEC PRELIM (5 decks)

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