Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZImmunology > Lymphoid Structures and Lymphoctes EC > Flashcards

Lymphoid Structures and Lymphoctes EC Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs in the lymph node follicle? What is the difference between a primary and secondary follicle?

A

B-cell localization and proliferation

Primary follicles dense and dormant
Secondary follicles active with pale germinal centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What occurs in the paracortex? When would this area be enlarged?

A

House T-Cells

Enlarged in extreme cellular immune response (ie virus)
would NOT be enlarged in DiGeorge (no thymus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lymph node drainage of the upper limb and lateral breast

A

Axillary nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymph node drainage of Stomach

A

Celiac nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lymph node drainage of Duodenum and Jejunum

A

Superior mesenteric nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lymph node drainage of Sigmoid colon

A

Colic then Inferior mesenteric nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lymph node drainage of Rectum and Anal canal (above pectinate line)

A

Internal iliac nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lymph node drainage of Anal canal below pectinate line

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lymph drainage of testes

A

Para-aortic nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lymph drainage of scrotum

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lymph drainage of thigh

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lymph drainage of lateral dorsum of foot

A

Popiteal nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the Right lymphatic duct drain?

A

Right arm
Right chest
Right half of face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the thoracic duct train? Where does it drain?

A

All but R-arm, R-chest, and R-face

Drains at junction of Subclavian and Internal Jugular veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does lymphatic blockage result in pitting or non-pitting edema?

A

Non-pitting edema (filled with protein, fat, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Within the spleen, where are T-Cells found?

A

PALS (periarterial lymphatic sheath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Within the spleen, where are B-Cells found?

A

In follicles

18
Q

What is the function of macrophages within the spleen?

A

To remove encapsulated bacteria

“Even Some Killers Have Nice Shiny Bodies”

E. coli
Strep. pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Salmonella
B Strep
19
Q

What findings are their post-splenectomy?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (RBC nuclear remnants)
Target cells
Thrombocytosis (increased platelets)

20
Q

Thymus appearance and selection that takes place in each region

A

Cortex is DENSE with IMMATURE T-Cells
~Positive Selection (MHC restriction)

Medulla is PALE with MATURE T-Cells
~Negative Selection (Nonreactive to self)

21
Q

What are M cells?

A

Present in gut

Present antigens from gut to Lymphocytes

22
Q

Innate Immune System

A

Nonspecific - No memory

PMNs, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, NK cells, Complement

23
Q

Adaptive Immune System

A

Receptors that recognize pathogen undergo V(D)J recombination during development

Response slow at first exposure, but fast and robust with memory

T-Cells, B-Cells and circulating antibody

24
Q

MCH I

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

Binds TCR and CD8

Express on ALL NUCLEATED CELLS (ie not RBCs)

Antigen loaded into ER (intracellular peptides)
Viral immunity

25
Q

MHC II

A

HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, HLA-DP
“Dr. went into DQ to get a Dr. Pepper”

Binds TCR and CD4

Expressed only on APCs (dendritic, macrophage, B-cell, M-cell)

26
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

Use Perforin and Granzymes to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells and tumor cells (similar to CD8 T cells)

Enhanced by IL-2, IL-12, IFN-beta, IFN-alpha

Kill with non-specific antigen or no MHC I expressed

27
Q

B cell major functions

A 
Make antibody 
Opsonize bacteria (IgG)
Neutralize viruses (IgG)
Activate complement (IgG, IgM)
Sensitize mast cells (IgE)

Hyperacute and humoral organ rejection

28
Q

T cell major functions

A

CD4 T cells:
Help B cells make antibody
Produce cytokines to activate other cells

CD8 T cells:
Kill virus infected cells and tumor cells
Acute and chronic cellular organ rejection

29
Q

Naive T Cell activation

A

Foreign body phagocytosed by APC
Antigen presented on MHC and recognized by TCR
Costimulatory signal of B7-CD28
Helper T cell produces cytokines
Cytotoxic T cell activates, recognizes, and kills virus infected cell

30
Q

B cell activation and class switching

A

B cell presents antigen on MHC II to TCR of CD4 cell
CD40 binds CD40L on T-cell
CD4 cell secretes cytokines that determine Ig class switching of B cell

31
Q

Th1 CD4 Cells (Secrete, Activate what, Inhibited by)

A

Secrete IFN-gamma

Activate macrophages

Inhibited by IL-4 and IL-10 (from Th2 cell)

32
Q

Th2 CD4 Cells (Secrete, Activate what, Inhibited by)

A

Secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13

Recruits eosinophils for parasitic defenses
Promotes IgE production

Inhibited by IFN-gamma (from Th1 cell)

33
Q

Cytotoxic T Cells

A

Release Perforin and Granzyme (killing virus infected cells and tumor cells)

34
Q

Regulatory T Cells

A

Suppress CD4 and CD8 functions

Express CD3, CD4, CD25

Produce anti inflammatory cytokines IL-10, TGF-beta

35
Q

Idiotype

A

Specific antibody that Ig binds

36
Q

Isotype

A

Type of antibody

IgM vs IgG etc.

37
Q

IgG

A

Delayed response to antigen (most abundant)

Fixes complement
Crosses placenta
Opsonizes bacteria
Neutralizes bacterial toxins and viruses

38
Q

IgA

A

Prevent attachment to mucous membranes

Found in secretions

39
Q

IgM

A

Early response to antigen

Fixes complement
Traps free antigens while humoral response evolves

40
Q

IgE

A

Bind mast cell and basophil –> HISTAMINE release

Immunity to worms by activating eosinophils

41
Q

Thymus-independent antigens

A

No protein content

Stimulate antibody release but NO MEMORY

42
Q

Thymus-dependent antigens

A

Protein content

Stimulate class switching and MEMORY

ZImmunology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions