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IMMUNOSERO > LYMPHOID ORGANS > Flashcards

LYMPHOID ORGANS Flashcards

1
Q

key cell in the immune response

A

lymphocyte

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2
Q

arise from a hematopoietic stem cell and differentiated in the primary lymphoid organ

A

lymphocyte

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3
Q

2 main classes of lymphoid organ

A
  • primary lymphoid organ
  • secondary lymphoid organ
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4
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A
  • Bone Marrow
  • Thymus
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5
Q

secondary lymphoid organ

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
  • Thoracic duct
  • Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
  • Skin-associated lymphoid tissue
  • Blood
  • Tonsils
  • Appendix
  • Peyer’s patches
  • MALT
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6
Q

where B cells and T cells

A

Primary lymphoid organ

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7
Q

area for Ag-independent lymphopoiesis

A

primary lymphoid organ

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8
Q

area where Ag are dropped from fine spaces

A

secondary lymphoid organ

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9
Q

Ag dependent lymphopoiesis

A

Secondary lymphoid organ

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10
Q

primary source of pluripotent stem cells that give rise to all HSC (Hematopoietic Stem Cell)

A

Bone Marrow

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11
Q

major Organ for B cell maturation and gives rise to the precursor cells of the thymic lymphocytes

A

Bone Marrow

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12
Q

Produce large numbers of B cells, each with unique antigen receptors (antibodies) such that, overall there is sufficient b cell diversity to recognize millions of microbial antigens in the environment

A

Bone Marrow

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13
Q

Eliminate B cells with antigen receptors having high affinity for self-molecules

A

Bone Marrow

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14
Q

percentage of B cells in the PB

A

10-20%

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15
Q

percentage of T cells in the PB

A

61-89%

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16
Q

percentage of NK cells in the PB

A

22%

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17
Q

center for antigen independent lymphopoiesis

A

BM

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18
Q

play a role in differentiation of progenitor cells into b lymphocytes

A

BALT and GALT

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19
Q

in what common progenitor do T, B, and NK cells arise from?

A

CLP (common lymphoid precursor)

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20
Q

site of T cell development and maturation

A

Thymus

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21
Q

Rearrangement of gene segments that encode T cell receptor (TCR)

A

Thymus

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22
Q

Flat, bilobed organ situated above the heart. Found in the thoracic cavity, right below the thyroid gland, and overlying the heart

A

Thymus

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23
Q

a humoral factor that influences the progenitor cells in the thymus to proliferate and differentiate

A

Thymosin

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24
Q

lymphoid precursors with acquired surface membrane antigens

A

thymocytes

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25
Q

what surrounds the lobes of the thymus and is divided into lobes

A

capsule

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26
Q

lobe of thymus that is densely packed with immature T cells: THYMOCYTES

A

outer cortex

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27
Q

lobe of thymus that is sparsely populated with thymocytes

A

inner medulla

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28
Q

its nucleus is round with indentation, dense chromatin, stains deep blue

A

lymphocyte

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29
Q

this cell’s cytoplasm is sparse, with few organelles and narrow ring surrounded the nucleus, no specific granules, and it stains a lighter blue

A

lymphocyte

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30
Q

main function of lymph nodes

A

filtration

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31
Q

part of lymph node that contains macrophages for phagocytosis

A

sinuses

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32
Q

part of lymph nodes that contains macrophages for the aggregation of B cells

A

Cortex

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33
Q

part of lymph nodes that contains macrophages fro the aggregation of T cells

A

paracortex

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34
Q

part of lymph nodes that contains mature resting B cells or Naive B cells

A

primary follicle

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35
Q

part of lymph node that contains follicular dendritic cells

A

primary follicle

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36
Q

part of lymph node that contains antigen stimulated proliferated B cells

A

secondary follicle

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37
Q

interior of secondary follicle and where blast transformation of B cells take place

A

Germinal center

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38
Q

actively secretes Ab

A

plasma cells

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39
Q

largest secondary lymphoid organ

A

spleen

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40
Q

2 main types of splenic tissue

A
  • red pulp
  • white pulp
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41
Q

located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, below diaphragm, surrounded by this connective tissue capsule

A

spleen

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42
Q

major organ for clearance particles

A

spleen

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43
Q

arranged around periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

A

spleen

44
Q

what cells does pals mainly contain

A

T cells

45
Q

surround PALS adn contains dendritic cells, MACs, CD4 t cells ( T helper cells) B cells

A

Marginal zone

46
Q

what does the follicular area of the spleen contain

A

B cells

47
Q

50% of lymphoid tissue in the human body is located in the lining of major tracts s/a

A
  • respiratory
  • digestive
  • genitourinary
48
Q

nasal; throat and nasal passages: tonsils

A

Nasal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT)

49
Q

inludes lymphoid tissue in the intestines (peyer’s patches) and the liver

A

Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)

50
Q

featurs IgA production and involves a unique pattern of lymphocyte recirculation

A

Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)

51
Q

Important for the development of tolerance to ingested antigen

A

Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT)

52
Q

rich source of mature T cells

A

Thoracic duct

53
Q

Chronic duct drainage can cause T cell depletion and has been used as a method of immunosuppression

A

Thoracic duct

54
Q

Includes lymphoid tissue in the lower respiratory tract and hilar lymph nodes

A

Bronchus- Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT)

55
Q

Associated with IgA production in response to inhaled antigens

A

BALT

56
Q

Ag introduced through the skin are presented by epidermal Langerhans cells, which are bone marrow-derived accessory cells

A

Skin Associated Lymphoid tissue/ Cutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue

57
Q

T/F

A

If the spleen is removed, there is a increased risk of infection with encapsulated bacteria and severe malaria

58
Q

Important lymphoid organ and immunologic effector tissue

A

Blood

59
Q

It has enough T cells to produce a graft-versus-host reaction

A

Blood

60
Q

Most frequently sampled lymphoid organ

A

Blood

61
Q
  • Found in the mucous membrane lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities
  • It responds to pathogen entering the respiratory and alimentary tracts
A

Tonsils

62
Q
  • Potential sites for contact with foreign Ag
  • It increases the probability of an immune response
A

Appendix

63
Q

its epithelium is lined with peyer’s patches and it produces IgA2

A

Appendix

64
Q

differentiate into memory cell and plasma cells and are responsible for humoral immunity or Ab formation

A

B cells

65
Q

paly a role in cell- mediated immunity, and as such, they produce sensitized lymphocytes that secrete cytokines

A

T cells

66
Q

surface markers of B cells

A

Igm, IgG

67
Q

Other name for surface markers

A

Cluster of differentiation

68
Q

what will further differentiate to Common Myeloid Progenitor and CLP

A

Lymphoid Myeloid Progenitor (LMP)

69
Q

B cell differentiation

A
  • Pro-B cell (Progenitor)
  • Pre-B cell
  • Immature B cell
  • Mature B cell
  • Activated B cell
  • Plasma cell
70
Q

T cell differentiation

A
  • Double Negative stage
  • Double Positive stage
  • mature T cell
  • Antigen Activation
71
Q

surface marker of Pro-B cell

A

CD 24, CD19, and CD45R

72
Q

rearrangement of genes on chromosome 14 coding for the heavy chain

A

Pro-B cell

73
Q

Mu chains in cytoplasm (IgM)

A

Pre-B cell

74
Q

Rearrangement of genes coding for light chains
- Kappa - 2
- Lambda - 22

A

Pre-B cell

75
Q

1st expressed Ab on the surface with the presence of IgM

A

Immature B cell

76
Q

surface markers of Immature B cells

A

CD21 and CD 35

77
Q

2nd expressed Ab on the surface with the presence of IgD

A

Mature B cell

78
Q

When activated by an Ag, CD 25 appears which is a receptor for IL-2 to enhance proliferation of lymphocytes

A

Activated B cell

79
Q

2 destinations of Immature B cells

A
  • apoptosis
  • cells leave the BM and seed the lymphoid organs
80
Q

Results of Ag stimulation and transformation of activated B cells

A

Plasma B cells

81
Q

Abundant cytoplasmic Ig which are excreted in the blood stream and Ab/Ig

A

Plasma cells

82
Q

found in germinal layer and has a longer life span

A

Memory B cells

83
Q

60-80% of circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood

A

T cell development

84
Q

Thymocytes will enter the thymus for differentiation

A

t cell development

85
Q

site of differentiation

A

Thymus

86
Q

lymphocyte precursor

A

Thymocytes

87
Q

Chemical messenger that dictates migration of thymocytes

A

Chemokines

88
Q

needed and critical for growth and differentiation and activates the outer cortex in the double negative stage

A

IL-7

89
Q

what surface marker does early thymocytes lack in the Double negative stage

A

CD4 and CD8

90
Q

what is formed with the combination of beta chain with CD3 during double negative stage

A

pre-TCR (T-cell receptor) receptor

91
Q

early surface markers for thymocytes

A

CD 44 and CD 25

92
Q

surface marker for double positive stage

A

CD4 and CD8 markers

93
Q

in the double negative stage, what triggers the thymocytes to become CD4 and CD8 positive

A

Beta chains

94
Q

rearrangement of the genes coding for alpha chains occurs

A

Double positive

95
Q

CD-3alphabeta receptor (TCR) is expressed

A

Double positive

96
Q

selection wherein TCR is functional and most T cells die during selection

A

Positive selection

97
Q

Checks affinity for molecules and autoimmune disorders

A

Negative selection

98
Q

no affinity for self molecule survive

A

Negative selection

99
Q

increase self molecules

A

Positive selection

100
Q

increase apoptosis

A

Negative selection

101
Q

single positive through reaxn

A

mature T cells

102
Q

what is used for IL-2 receptor in activated T cells

A

CD25

103
Q

promotes further proliferation of lymphocytes

A

Activated T cells

104
Q

Secretes lymphokines

A

Sensitized T cells

105
Q

these are essential to the formation and maintenance of secondary lymphocyte organ and are produced by t and b lymphocytes

A

Tumor Necrosis and Lymphotoxins

IMMUNOSERO (5 decks)

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