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IMMUNOSERO > INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

defined as the resistance to disease, specifically infectious disease

A

Immunology

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2
Q

defined as the study of a host’s reaction when foreign substances are introduced into the body

A

Immunology

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3
Q

diagnostic examination of blood serum and other bodily fluids with regards to the response of the immune system to pathogens

A

serology

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4
Q

phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent

A

cross immunity

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5
Q

where did small pox originate from?

A

cow pox

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6
Q

substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody

A

Antigens

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7
Q

Any substance that is capable of inducing an immune response.

A

Immunogen

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8
Q

a low-molecular-weight, nonantigenic substance that, when combined with an
antigen, changes the antigenic specificity of that antigen.

A

Hapten

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9
Q

glycoprotein substance (immunoglobulin) that is produced by B lymphocytes
in response to an antigen.

A

Antibody

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10
Q

derived from a single B-cell clone and are produced as a
single class of immunoglobulin with specificity unique to the antigenic stimulus.

A

Monoclonal antibody

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11
Q

produced as different classes of immunoglobulins by many Bcell clones in response to an antigen

A

polyclonal antibodies

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12
Q

Antibodies produced in response to antigens from another species

A

heteroantibodies

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13
Q

other name for heteroantibodies

A

xenoantibodies

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14
Q

formed in response to antigens from individuals of the same species

A

alloantibodies

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15
Q

produced by the body’s immune system against “self” antigens

A

Autoantibodies

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16
Q

part of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody or T-cell receptor

A

epitope

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17
Q

the clumping of particulate antigens by antibodies specific for the
antigens

A

agglutination

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18
Q

is the tendency that an epitope has for combining with the antigen-binding site on an antibody molecule

A

affinity

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19
Q

strength of the bond between the antigen and the antibody.

A

avidity

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20
Q

smallest amount of antigen or antibody that can be detected

A

sensitivity

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21
Q

ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen with complementary
determinants and not to an antigen with dissimilar determinants.

A

specificity

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22
Q

group of proteins synthesized in mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and some endothelial cells.

A

complement

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23
Q

A small peptide formed during complement activation that causes
increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.

A

anaphylatoxins

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24
Q

A life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systemic release of histamine

A

Anaphylaxis

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25
Q

father of immunology

A

Louis Pasteur

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26
Q

who discovered the smallpox vaccination

A

Edward Jenner

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27
Q

when did Edward Jenner discove the smallpox vaccination

A

1798

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28
Q

who discovered Phagocytosis

A

Haeckel

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29
Q

When did Haeckel discover Phagocytosis

A

1862

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30
Q

who discovered live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines

A

Louis Pasteur

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31
Q

when did Louis Pasteur discover Live, attenuated chicken cholera
and anthrax vaccines

A

1880-1881

32
Q

who discovered Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

A

Metchnikoff

33
Q

When did Metchnikoff discover Cellular theory of immunity
through phagocytosis

A

1883-1905

34
Q

Who discovered Therapeutic vaccination First report of live “attenuated” vaccine for rabies

A

Louis Pasteur

35
Q

When did Louis Pasteur discover the Therapeutic vaccination
First report of live “attenuated”
vaccine for rabies

A

1885

36
Q

Humoral theory of immunity
proposed by

A

Von Behring, Kitasata

37
Q

Demonstrated cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

A

Koch

38
Q

when was the Humoral theory of immunity proposed ?

A

1890

39
Q

when was the Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

A

1891

40
Q

Antibody formation theory

A

Ehrlich - 1900

41
Q

Immediate-hypersensitivity
anaphylaxis

A

Portier, Ritchet - 1902

42
Q

Arthus reaction of intermediate
hypersensitivity

A

Arthus - 1903

43
Q

Hypothesis of antigen-antibody
binding

A

Marrack - 1938

44
Q

Hypothesis of allograft rejection

A

1944

45
Q

Development of polio vaccine

A

Salk, Sabin - 1949

46
Q

Vaccine against yellow fever

A

Reed - 1951

47
Q

Graft-versus-host reaction

A

1953

48
Q

Clonal selection theory

A

Burnet - 1957

49
Q

Interfernon

A

1957

50
Q

Human leukocyte antigens
(HLAs)

A

1958-1962

51
Q

T-cell and B-cell cooperation in
immune response

A

1964-1968

52
Q

Identification of antibody
molecule

A

1972

53
Q

First monoclonal antibodies

A

Kohler - 1975

54
Q

Identification of genes for T cell
receptor

A

1985-1987

55
Q

Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine

A

1986

56
Q

Th1 versus Th2 model of T
helper cell function

A

Mosmann - 1986

57
Q

Identification of toll-like receptors

A

1996-1998

58
Q

FOXP3, the gene directing
regulatory T cell development

A

2001

59
Q

Development of human
papillomavirus vaccine

A

Frazer - 2005

60
Q

Can only react with 1 type of Ag and is tested using mouse/mice

A

Monoclonal antisera

61
Q

Example of complete Ag in a hapten

A

Catechol + skin (containing CHON) = complete Ag

62
Q

More foreign Ag the greater the immune response produced

A

Foreigness

63
Q

Specifically bind to Abs or a cell surface receptors of B cells and T cells

A

Antigen

64
Q

Can either be immunogenic or non - immunogenic

A

Ag

65
Q

Not all are immunogens

A

Ag

66
Q

Can be either proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, or nucleic acids

A

Ag

67
Q

Capable of inducing a response

A

Immunogen

68
Q

T/F all all antigen are immunogens

A

T

69
Q

Normally all are proteins

A

Immunogen

70
Q

Humoral theory of immunity

A

Emil Von Behring

71
Q

Anaphylatoxins causes

A
  • increased vascular permeability
  • contraction of smooth muscles
  • release of histamine
72
Q

first writings of immune status was recorded by

A

thucydides

73
Q

when did Thucydides record the first immune status in Athens during the bubonic plague take place

A

430 BC

74
Q

when was variolation done by the chinese

A

1500s

75
Q

inhalation of powder made from small pox scabs

A

variolation

76
Q

small incisions is created and small pox scabs is inserted

A

Lady montagu

77
Q

koch bacillus

A

MTB

IMMUNOSERO (5 decks)

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