Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Heme & Lymph > Lymphoid & Myeloid Neoplasms > Flashcards

Lymphoid & Myeloid Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Follicular lymphoma

A

t(14;18), translocations involving BCL2

-overexpression of BCL2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

IgH locus chr

A

Chr 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BCL2 chr

A

Chr 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

follicular lymphoma morph

A

centrocytes & centroblast
BM involvement = paratrabecular lymphoid aggregates
BCL6 is normal, BCL2 is not normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Follicular lymphoma clinical

A

most common indolent lymphoma of adults

painless, generalized LAD, extranodal site involvement, indolent NHL, anti-CD20 Ab, can transform to DLBCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DLBCL

A

most common form of NHL/most common lymphoma of adults

Males, 60 yrs, can also occur in young adults and children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DLBCL path

A

dysregulaton of BCL6- needed for norm germinal center formation
-express CD19, CD20, CD10, BCL6, surface Ig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

primary effusion lymphom

A

DLCBL subtype
pleural effusion in HIV or older pts
tumor cells infx with KSHV/HHV8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

immunodeficiency-associated large B-cell lymphoma

A

DLBCL subtype
severe T cell immunodef
neoplastic B cells infx with EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DLBCL clinical

A

rapidly enlarging mass at a nodal or extranodal site
waldeyer ring involved- oropharyngeal tissue that includes tonsils & adenoids
No BM involvement
-aggressive tumors, rapidly fatal without tx
-anti-CD20 antibody therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Burkitt lymphoma translocation

A

MYC gene on chr 8 -> lead to incr MYC protein levels

  • incr expressions of genes required for aerobic glycolysis= warburg effect
  • translocation partner usually IgH locus t(8;14)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

endemic Burkitt lymphoma

A

latently infx with EBV
-predilection for mandible, may involve abdominal visceral organs -> kidneys, ovaries, adrenal glands

-25% HIV-associated tumors also infx w/ EBV
15-20% sporadic cases- EBV infx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Burkitt lymphoma morph

A

tumor exhibits high mitotic index and contains numerous apoptotic cells & tumor cells have multiple small nucleoli

  • starry sky pattern- phagocytes w/ abundant clear cytoplasm (numerous pale tingible body M0s)
  • tumor cells in BM aspirate -> royal blue cytoplasm containing clear cytoplasmic vacuoles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Burkitt lymphoma immunophenotype

A

CD19, CD20, CD10, BCL2, IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Burkitt lymphoma- clinical

A

found mainly in children or young adults
30% of childhood NHLs in US
Tumors manifest at extranodal sites
-involvement of BM and PB is uncommon
-Sporadic= mass involving the ileocecum & peritoneum
very aggressive, responds well to chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ALL

A

most common type of cancer in kids

precursor B & T cels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CLL/SLL

A 
most common leukemia of adults 
tumor of mature B cells
manifests w/ BM or LN involvement
indolent course, incr suspectibility to infx and autoimmune disorders 
-prolymphocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Multiple Myeloma (MM)

A

plasma cell neoplasm
associated with lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia, renal failure, acquired immune abnormalities
CD138, syndecan-1, CD56
-sharply punched out bone lesions
-set up for recurrent bacterial infxs
-renal insufficiency
-Most myelomas are associated with more than 3gm/Dl of serum Ig or more than 6mg/dL of urinary Bence-Jones protein –> most common monoclonal Ig is IgG then IgA
-60-70% of pts have free light chains and a serum M protein

19
Q

MM diagnosis

A

requires a BM exam
-marrow involvement often gives rise to a normocytic normochromic anemia, & sometimes mod leukopenia & thrombocytopenia

20
Q

smoldering myeloma

A

serum M protein > 3gm/dL
pt asymptomatic
75% progress to MM in 15 yr period

21
Q

solitary myeloma

A

solitary lesion of bone or soft tissue
extraosseous lesions= lung, oronasopharynx, nasal sinuses –> resected
osseous lesions= progress to MM w/in 10 to 20 yrs

22
Q

MGUS

A

most common plasma cell dyscrasia

elderly, asymptomatic, serum M protein

23
Q

Multiple Myeloma translocation and dysregulation

A

diverse translocations involving IgH locus

frequent dysregulation and overexpression of D cyclins

24
Q

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

A

B cell lymphoma that exhibits plasmacytic differentiation
clinical sx dominated by hyperviscosity syndrome from excess IgM
MYD88 mutation

25
Q

hairy cell leukemia

A 
BRAF mutations
55 y/o M
indolent course
TRAP stain, dry tap 
massive splenomegaly 
incr incidence of atypical mycobacterial infx
26
Q

peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified

A

present with LAD, eosinophilia, pruritis, wt loss
worse prognosis
tumors efface LNs diffusely, typically composed of a pleomorphic mix of variable sized malig T cells

27
Q

Anaplastic Large-cell Lymphoma

A

ALK positive -> chr 2p23
hallmark cells= large anaplastic cells some containing horse-shoe shaped nuclei & voluminous cytoplasm
children or young adults, freq present as soft tissue masses
very good prognosis
CD30+
infiltrate lymphoid sinuses

28
Q

Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

A

CD4+ T cells only
adults infected with HTLV1
Japan, W Africa, Caribbean
Skin lesions, gen LAD, hepatosplenomegaly, PB lymphocytosis, hypercalcemia
Tumor cells = multilobated nuclei “cloverleaf” or “flower”cells

29
Q

Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary syndrome

A

tumor of CD4+ helper T cells that home to the skin (epidermis & upper dermis are infiltrated by neoplastic T cells -> cerebriform appearance)
Sezary syndrome - skin involvement= generalized exfoliative erythroderma, cerebriform nuclei
tumor cells express CLA, CCR4, CCR10
indolent tumor

30
Q

large granular lymphocytic leukemia

A

T cell & NK cell variants
Mainly adults
T cell dz -> present with mild to mod lymphocytosis and splenomegaly. CD3+
NK cell dz -> present in subtle fashion w/ little or no lymphocytosis or splenomegaly. CD3- & CD56+
Mutations of the TF STAT3
tumor cells are large lymphocytes with abundant blue cytoplasm & a few coarse azurophilic granules on PB smear
-marrow usually contains sparse interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates

31
Q

large granular lymphocytic leukemia- clinical

A

Neutropenia and anemia dominate clinical picture
increased incidence of rheumatologic disorders
Felty syndrome: triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia
tumors of T cells origin have more indolent course
NK-cell tumors behave more aggressively

32
Q

extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma

A

3% of NHL in Asia
Presents most commonly as a destructive nasopharyngeal mass
tumor cell infiltrate typically surrounds and invades small vessels –> extensive ischemic necrosis
large azurophilic granules seen in cytoplasm
Highly associated with EBV
Most tumors are CD3-
highly aggressive, respond to radiation, not chemo
poor prognosis in advanced dz

33
Q

Nodular Sclerosis HL

A

most common form of HL
Lacunar variant RS cells
Deposition of collagen in bands that divide involved LNs into circumscribed nodules -> fibrosis
RS cells are found in a polymorphous background of T cells, eosinophils, plasma cells, M0s
PAX5, CD15, CD30
uncommonly associated with EBV
involve the lower cervical, supraclavicular, & mediastinal LNs of adolescents and young adults
excellent prognosis

34
Q

Mixed Cellularity HL

A

LNs are diffusely effaced by heterogenous cellular infiltrate
Diagnostic RS cells and mononuclear variants are usually plentiful
RS cells are infx with EBV in 70% of cases
PAX5, CD15, CD30
associated with older age, night sweats, wt loss, advanced tumor stage
prognosis is very good

35
Q

Lymphocyte-Rich Type HL

A

uncommon
reactive lymphocytes make up the vast majority of the cellular infiltrate
involved LNs are diffusely efface, but some vague nodularity
mononuclear variants and diagnostic RS cells
EBV associated in 40%
excellent prognosis

36
Q

Lymphocyte-Depleted Type HL

A

least common form of HL
lack of lymphocytes and relative abundance of RS cells or their variants
RS cell infx with EBV in 90% cases
older adults, HIV+, developing countries
advanced stage & systemic sx are freq
less favorable outcome

37
Q

Lymphocyte Predominance Type HL

A

uncommon “nonclassical” variant
-involved nodes are effaced by a nodular infiltrate of small lymphocytes admixed w/ variable #s of M0s
-few RS cells, more L&H cells (popcorn cells - multilobated nucleus)
-L&H variants express B cell markers- CD20, BCL6, CD30- & CD15-
EBV not associated
-Males,

38
Q

Nodular Sclerosis HL-Clinical

A

usually Stage 1 or 2 (free of systemic manifestations), frequent mediastinal involvement, F=M, most pts young adults

39
Q

Mixed Cellularity HL- Clinical

A

more than 50% present as S3 or 4 dz(disseminated dz- shows constitutional sx: fever, night sweats, wt loss); Males, biphasic incidence, peaking in young adults and again in adults older than 55

40
Q

Lymphocyte rich HL- CLinical

A

uncommon, M, older adults

41
Q

Lymphocyte Depletion HL- Clinical

A

uncommon; more common in older males, HIV+, developing countries; often presents as advanced dz

42
Q

Lymphocyte predominance

A

uncommon; young males with cervical or axillary LAD; mediastinal

43
Q

HL Clinical

A

commonly presents as painless LAD
suppressed Th1 immune responses
Spread of HL: nodal -> spleen -> liver -> marrow & other tissue
high cure rate
radiotherapy tx -> higher incidence of lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer
chemo tx w/ alkylating agents -> 2ndary tumors (AML)
Anti-CD30 Ab

Heme & Lymph (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions