Lymphoid & Integumentary System Flashcards by Abraham Fulgar

•Lymphatic +vascular system = hemilymphatic sys which a 2’dry defense

•Produces defensive cells like T lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, etc

•Filters and transport lymph and blood

•Produce IG’s

•Phagocytize foreign bodies

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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Cells located in the l. propria of digestive, respiratory and urogenitals

Diffuse and unencapsulated lymphatic tissue

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Lymphocytic pop’ns
forming nodules-small, spheroidal or ovoid
aggregates

Dense unencapsulated lymphatic tissue

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Composed of lymphocytes and
macrophages

Primary nodule/follicle

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Collections of lympha. tissue in the small intestine

Peyer’s patch

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Has pale germinal center surrounded by dark staining corona or cortex or
mantle zone of small lymphocytes=
active nodule

Secondary nodule

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Aggregated lymph nodules in the pharyngeal
mucosa

Tonsils

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Formed by by a single layer of
lymphatic tisue 2’drly protruding into the lumen
Palatine & Lingual tonsils in M,H,R,S

Tonsil with crypt

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A group of tonsillar follicles

Tonsil without crypt

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A blind sometimes branched invagination of the
surface epithelium

Crypt

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A bean shaped which vary in size fr a mm to sev’rl cm

Lymph gland

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Form the fine stromal elements

Reticular fibers

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Divided into outer cortex and inner
medulla

Parenchyma

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Divided into nodular, internodular and deep zones

Occupied by the nodular follicles=primary & secondary

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Concentrate on the 1’ry nodules and germinal
centers

B cells

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Occupy the paracortical zones

T cells

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Result from the differentiation of B cells in the germinal centers that move into the periphery of
the nodules

Plasma cells

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Cortical nodular fusion is
common in this animal

Horse

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Nodules
have large germinal centers in this animal

Oxen

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Consist of branching reticular fibers and cells surrounded by medullary sinuses and lymph
capillaries=medullary cords

Medulla

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Stellate cells with fine network of interlacing processes that traps antigen for presentation

Dendritic cell

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Specifically called interdigitating cell (IDC) and follicular dendritic cell respectively

T and B cells

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• sinuses are filled with blood not
lymph
• Capsules and trabeculae contain
smooth muscle fibers
• Described as miniature of spleen but look like lymph node
• Occur in ruminants along the vertebral columns and jugular furrow

Hemal nodes

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•Blood and lymph intermixes in the
sinuses thus called hemorrhagic
lymph node

•Occur in the perirenal (sheep &
goat) and lumbar regions (ox)

Hemolymph node

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• largest mass of lymphatic tissue • capsule is dense collagenous that extends into the parenchyma dividing it into small compartments • Smooth muscles and elastic fibers are present in the capsule and trabeculae

Spleen

Distinct cortex and medulla is absent instead, scattered in the parenchyma – white and red pulp

• Contains splenic phagocytic sinuses and cords • Regions between splenic corpuscles and trabeculae, called so for its vascularity

Red pulp

Few trabeculae and muscle fibers but abundant lymphatic tissue ex. Human and marsupials

Defensive spleen

Many trabeculae & smooth muscle and less lymphatic tissue-ex.horse, dog & cat

Storage spleen

Occur in ruminants and swine

Intermediate spleen

•Derived from the 3rd & 4th paryngeal pouches •Parenchyma is divided into outer cortex and deep medulla •Parenchymal cells are chiefly of the T cells or thymocytes •Capsule enclosing the organ is composed of dense collagenous fibers that penetrate the parenchyma , dividing the organ into lobes

Thymus

Densely populated of the thymocytes than the medulla obliterating the cytoreticulum formed by the epithelio-reticular cells

Cortex

Organ is distinguished by the Hassal or Thymic corpuscle of various sizes.

Medulla

Contribute to the blood-thymus barrier

Epithelial-reticular cells

Movement of thymocytes through post capillary venules to secondary lymphatic organs - significant aspect of cell-mediated immunity

Peripherlization

Hormones of thymus - influence the development of progenitor cells into T-cells

Thymosin and thymopoietin I&II

•Is a blind sac opening into the dorsal proctodeal wall of the cloaca •Parenchymal cells are chiefly of the B cells •Dense collagenous capsule penetrate deeply as septa and dividing the organ into lobes •Wall of the organ is columnar or pseudostratified

Bursa of Fabricius

Characterized by moderate concentration of scattered lymphocytes.

Diffuse unencapsulated lymphatic tissue

Round, oval, or irregularly circumscribed aggregation of mostly small, densely packed lymphocytes

Lymphatic nodule

Central pale area (with large lymphocytes)

Germinal center

(Marginal or peripheral zone) – dense of small lymphocytes

Corona

Collection of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissue. Present at the connective tissue in a specific region

TONSILS

Characterized by deep invaginations of the surface epithelium called crypts

Tonsil with crypt

Smooth, somewhat folded, or bulging surface, but lack deep invaginations of the epithelium.

Tonsil without crypt

Lymphatic nodules surrounded by diffuse lymphatic tissue

Cortex

Connective tissue, with some smooth muscle and elastic fibers, covers the lymph node

Capsule

Part of capsule that moves inward

Trabeculae

Blood-filled sinuses between cellular cords occur along blood vessels of ruminants lack lymphatic vessels

Hemal nodes

• Has capsule rich in smooth muscle and elastic fiber • Parenhcyma is divided into red and white pulp • White pulp – PALS, lymphatic nodules • Red pulp - RBC

Spleen

Red pulp contains venous sinuses (wide channels lined by elongated, longitudinally oriented endothelial cells)

Sinusal spleen

Poorly develop or no sinus

Non-sinusal spleen

Covered by a thin capsule of connective tissue that projects inward as septa, partially dividing the organ into lobules

Thymus

Occur in the medulla of each lobule; concentric whorls of acidophilic and flattened reticular cells

Hassal’s corpuscle

•Effective barrier between the internal and external environment. •Temperature regulation •Secretory function •Assists in Ca homeostasis thru UV light conversion of 7 dehydrocholecalciferol into cholecalciferol in the sebaceous glands •Skin pigments protection against UV radiation •Provides general behavioral pattern, sexual behavioral displays and mechanical protection •Skin is an extensive sensory organ

Integumentary system

Stratified squamous epithelium keratinized

Epidermis

Single layer of pyramidal, cuboidal or columnar cells

Stratum basale

Light staining cells flattened toward the surface, cells have many cellular processes presenting spinous appearance

Stratum spinosum

Spindle-shaped cells contain keratohyalin granules (thick or absent)

Stratum granulosum

Layer of pale acidophilic cells of dead or dying with indistinct nuclei; not a distinct feature of the epidermis of domestic animals(when present-digital pad, teat,nose & periopole)

Stratum lucidum

Layer of closely packed cells, thickness depends on the location in the body

Stratum corneum

Follow the contour of the stratum basale

Papillary (superficial)

Dense collagenous tissue

Reticular (deep)

Finger-like projections extending into the epidermis from the dermis

Dermal papillae

Complimentary projections of the epidermis into the dermis

Epidermal peg

Confluent epidermal peg

Epidermal ridge

Layer of loose collagenous tissue

Subcutaneus

Thick infiltration of adipose tissue (digital pad, equine digital cushion)

Panniculus adiposus

• Highly cornified, thickened, pigmented and hairless region •Thickest epidermis of the carnivores •Digital cushion /panniculus adiposus •Merocrine glands occur in the dermis and epidermis

Digital pad

Thinnest epidermis •Stratum corneum is not well developed •Dermis is not extensive

Scrotum

•Planum nasale (carnivores)- thick & highly cornified devoid of sebaceous gland •Planum nasolabiale (ox),planum nasale (small ruminants), planum rostrale (swine)-contain merocrine glands

Nose

In growth of the presumptive epidermis and basement membrane into the underlying dermis

Hair follicles

Formed by the invagination of the epidermis (s. basale & s.spinosum)

External root sheath

Formed by several layers of flattened cells with or without trichohyalin granules

Internal root sheath

Follicles terminate in a hollow, cone- shaped epidermal peg

Hair bulb

A smooth muscle, contraction of which erects the hair and helps to express the contents of the sebaceous glands

Arrector pili

Secrete sebum composed of f.a., choloesterol,and vitamin D

Sebaceous gland

Primary gland in humans

Merocrine

Predominant in domestic animals

Apocrine