Bone Marrow, Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue and Blood Flashcards
A semi-solid tissue found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones.
Bone Marrow
Primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis
Bone marrow
Process of blood formation
Hematopoiesis
A group of tissues where hematopoiesis occurs
- Lymphoid tissue
- Myeloid tissue (red bone marrow)
Give rise to lymphocytes
Lymphoid tissue
Gives rise to red blood cells and granulocytes and monocytes
Myeloid tissue
Highly cellular hematopoietic tissue specialized to produce blood cells and platelets/ thrombocytes
Red bone marrow
Rich in adipose tissue; found in the entire skeleton of an adult animal
Yellow bone marrow
Stem cell
Hemocytoblast
Where do mature cells predominate over the immature cells?
Peripheral circulation
- Large round cell with basophilic cytoplasm
- Nucleus is large with finely granular chromatin and few nucleoli
Proerythrocyte
- Round cell with round nucleus
- Earliest cell of the erythroid series
- More deeply basophilic cytoplasm than proerythrocyte
- Nuclear chromatin is more coarsely clumped
Basophilic Erythroblast
- smaller cells
- chromatin is more condensed
- Cytoplasm is mottled, with pink and blue areas but become more pink due to haemoglobin synthesis
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
- round, highly condensed and deeply stained nucleus
- Cytoplasm is eosinophilic with slight tinges of blue
Orthichromatophilic Erythroblast
- without nucleus
- larger than red blood cells
- not concave
Reticulocyte
- biconcave
Erythrocyte
Erythroid series
- Proerythrocyte
- Basophilic erythroblast
- Polychromatophilic erythroblast
- Orthichromatophilic Erythroblast
- Reticulocyte
- Erythrocytes
- large, granulocytix cells with grainy basophilic cytoplasm
- round to oval nucleus
- nucleoli may be present
Myeloblast
- Earliest form readily distinguishable
- Large nucleus with nucleoli
- Non- specific azurophilic granules
Promyelocyte
- smaller and has an oval, eccentric, nucleus with more condensed chromatin
- Specific granules are apparent
Myelocyte
- Nucleus becomes more elongated, indented or bean
Metamyelocyte
- Smaller and has an oval or horse-shoe shaped eccentric nucleus with more condensed chromatin
Band cells
Neutrophils
Eosinophil
Basophils
Granulocytes
Granulocytes series
- Myeloblast
- Promyelocyte
- Myelocyte
- Metamyelocyte
- Band cells
- Granulocytes
Formation of lymphocytes (from bone marrow to lymphoid tissue)
Lymphocytopoiesis
Lymphocytopoiesis series
- Hemocytoblast
- Lymphoblast
- Promyelocyte
- Lymphocyte
Occurs only when the thymus and bursa Fabricius still exist, when not mitosis of the existing T and B cells occur in the secondary lymphoid organ
Lymphocytopoiesis
Process of platelet formation
Thrombocytopoiesis
Largest cell in the thrombocytopoiesis series that remains in the b.m., fragments of the nucleus pinched off to become the platelets.
Metamegakaryocyte
Thrombocytopoiesis series
- Hemocytoblast
- Megaryoblast
- Promegaryocyte
- Megakaryocyte
- Metamegakaryocyte
- Platelets
Ave life span in RBC and WBC
Equine - 45
Caprine - 125
What removes red blood cells?
Reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the spleen
Group of muscle cells or fibers composed of organelles and inclusions like any other cell
Muscle tissue
Name for the cell membrane in muscle tissue
Sarcolemma
Cytoplasm in the muscle tissue
Sarcoplasm
Prefix that means flesh
sarco
Three types of muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- ordinary cardiac muscle
- special cardiac muscle fiber
- Elongated and spindle-shaped cells with tapered ends
- Muscles are tightly packed to form sheet
- Staggered fashion
Smooth muscle
- Found in the lamina propia of the tunica mucosa and tinica mascularis of tubular organs
Smooth muscle
- Fibers are long and cylindrical with blunt ends
- multinucleated located peripherally
- special feature is the x-struations of the sarcoplasm
Skeletal muscle
- stratiations are the altering dark or A band and light or I band
- I band contains the fine/thin actin filaments
- A band contains thr thick myosin filaments and overlapping ends of actin = A band is dark
Skeletal muscle