Lymphoid Disorders Flashcards
What are some risk factors to developing lymphoid disorders?
Chronic antigen stimulation Chemo/radiation Immunosuppression Autoimmne disease Infections: H pylori, chlamydia
How is cell size and growth patterns related to prognosis?
Small cells, with a follicular growth pattern are generally good prognosis. Large cells with diffuse growth pattern have poor prognosis.
Describe the staging of lymphomas
Stage 1 = one place in body Stage 2 = two places in teh body, same size of diaphragm Stage 3 - above and below diaphragm Stage 4 = affecting liver or bone marrow ie. everywhere
Rank chronic lymphoid leukaemia, Burkitt’s lymphoma, follicular B cell NHL and diffuse large B-cell NHL in terms of slow/fast growing, symptomatic or not and chance of curing
CLL is slowest growing, and most likely to relapse. (doesn’t really show symptoms) Follicular B cell NHL is slow growing, and almost as likely to relapse. Diffuse large B-cell NHL is quite fast, and can be cured. (and shows symptoms) Burkitt’s lymphoma is the fastest growing tumour in man, and is very curable (and shows symptoms)
How is follicular B-cell NHL and diffuse large B-cell NHL treated?
Treated with a combination of chemotherapy and Rituximab. Rituximab is a monoclonal CD20 antibody which makes chemotherapy more effective. Combination chemo (R-CHOP) is used to treat diffuse large B-cell NHL.
Which are harder to cure: T or B cell lymphomas?
T cell lymphomas are much harder to cure as a general rule.
Which is the commonest lymphoma?
Diffuse large b-cell NHL.
Which is the most curable lymphoma?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
What does MALT lymphoma stnand for, and what bacteria infection is a huge risk factor for it?
Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Occurs from chronic inflammation, commonly due to H. pylori infection
Describe the cell size and prognosis of mantle cell lymphoma.
Small cells, but contrary to the general rule of small = more curable, Mantle cell lymphoma has a bad prognosis.
What is the hallmark cell feature of Hodgkin lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells.
What symptom does Hodgkins lymphoma commonly present with ?
ITch and large mediastinal mass.
Compare Hodgkin and NHL based on commonality, age incident and indolent or explosive?
NHL is far more common than Hodgkin.
Hodkin has bimodal age incidence - adolescence and elderly. Non-hodkins usually affects the elderly.
Hodgkins is indolent.
NHL can be indolent (SLL, follicular B cell) or explosive (Burkitt, diffuse large B cell)
What virus is commonly found in Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
50% of Hodgkin patients are EBV positive.
