Lymphocytes

Question 1

What make up immunological memory

Answer 1

Antigen-specific lymphocytes (B & T) are the basis

Question 2

CD4 T cell response

Answer 2

‘Cell mediated’ response
Produce cytokines-a family of inflammatory mediators
Cytokines have a diverse action on a wide range of cells

Question 3

B cell response

Answer 3

‘Humoral’
Produce antibody

Question 4

Epitope

Answer 4

Region of an antigen which the receptor binds to

Question 5

Clinal expansion

Answer 5

Interaction between a foreign molecule and a specific, unique lymphocyte receptor leads to activation and clonal expansion
Differentiated effector cells of that lineage will bear the same receptor

Question 6

Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement

Answer 6

Each BCR chain is encoded by separate multi gene families on different chromosomes
During B cell maturation these gene segments are rearranged and bought together

Question 7

Major Histocompatability Comples (MHC) is encoded by

Answer 7

HLA genes

Question 8

Expression of MHC genes

Answer 8

Co-dominant

Question 9

CD8 T cells bind to MHC…

Answer 9

MHC1

Question 10

CD4 T cells bind with…

Answer 10

MHC2

Question 11

CD8 T cell action

Answer 11

Cytotoxic - kill targets by programmed cell death-apoptosis
Apoptosis is characterised by fragmentation of nuclear DNA
CTL store perforin,granzymes,granulysin in cytotoxic granules released after target recognition

Question 12

3 core antibody roles

Answer 12

Neutralisation - prevents adherence
Opsonisation - promotes phagocytosis
Complement activation - Antibody activates complement which enhances opsonisation and lyses some bacteria

Question 13

Thymus independent B cell activation

Answer 13

Without help of T cells
Antigen Often polysaccharide, need to have a repetitive structure
Second signal required provided by a microbial PAMP

Question 14

B cell activation by T cells

Answer 14

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