Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Osteopathic Skills--Lexie > Lymphatics Lecture > Flashcards

Lymphatics Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

lymphatic system is known as…

A

-second circulatory system of the body and the great integrator for all body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the lymphatic system a conduit to?

A
  • immune system

- it is a passive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can alter the lymphatic system?

A
  • extrinsic forces

- examples: OMT, exercise, nutrition, sleep, normal day to day movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the roles of the lymphatic system?

A
  • homeostasis
  • transports fat from digestive system to blood
  • facilitates immune function
  • vital role in overall circulatory system
  • assists the body in removing intestinal fluids and plasma proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

development of lymphatic system

A
  • begins development at 5th week gestation and significantly present by 20 weeks gestation
  • immature at birth
  • matures and undergoes change until puberty, when stable adult levels of lymphoid tissue remain
  • lymphatics decline in fcn in geriatric population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

components of lymphatic system

A
  • organized lymph tissue
  • lymph channels/collecting ducts
  • lymph fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the spleen located and what are its functions?

A
  • beneath ribs 9, 10, 11 on left between heme-diaphragm and peritoneal cavity
  • movement of diaphragm is important for homeostatic movement of splenic fluids
  • destroys damaged RBCs
  • synthesizes Igs
  • clearance site for Ags, micro-organisms, poorly organized bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A
  • forms half of body’s lymph
  • “gate keeper” of shared hepato-biliary-pancreatic venous and lymphatic region
  • clear bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the thymus and what is its function?

A
  • superior mediastinum, anterior to great vessels, extends to neck
  • large in infant
  • –after puberty–involutes
  • –adult–replaced by fatty tissue
  • provide cells involved in maturation of immune system
  • processing site for T-lymphocytes
  • little or no fcn in adult
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 types of tonsils and the functions?

A
  • palatine–lateral pharynx
  • lingual–posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • pharyngeal–adenoids at nasopharyngeal border
  • provide cells to influence and build immunity early in life
  • nonessential to adult immune fcn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is the appendix and what is its fcn?

A
  • medial surface of cecum

- presume it offers support to immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is visceral lymphoid tissue used for in the respiratory system?

A

-aids filtration of toxins from lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is visceral lymphoid tissue used for in the GI system?

A
  • peyer’s patches–distal ilium
  • lacteals–lymphatic capillaries in each villi in small bowel
  • fats enter circulation via GI system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where are lymph nodes and what is the purpose?

A
  • dispersed along course of lymph vessels

- for filtration of lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 2 types of lymph nodes?

A
  1. superficial–follows subcutaneously with superficial veins
  2. deep–beneath fascia and muscles, follows deep veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where do superficial lymph nodes receive lymph and drain into?

A
  • receive from skin/deep tissue of upper and lower extremities/head and neck
  • drain into 3 main groups of nodes:
    1. cervical
    2. axillary
    3. inguinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do lymph channels not perfuse?

A
  • CNS (some research says there are lymph vessels now!)
  • epidermis (and hair/nails_
  • endomysium of muscles and cartilage
  • bone marrow
  • parts of peripheral nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the structure of the lymph system?

A
  • unidirectional fluid flow in channels
  • flow controlled by one way valves
  • channels/nodes surround major organs and vessels
  • unite with thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is Virchow’s node and what is it associated with?

A
  • left supraclavicular region

- associated with intra-abdominal or thoracic carcinoma/cancer

20
Q

right and left lymph drainage of the body

A
  • right–right side of head, right arm, right torso

- left–left side of head, left arm, left torso, left/right legs

21
Q

where is the thoracic duct?

A
  • lies against vertebral column between aorta and azygous vein
  • at level of T4 moves left of midline and connects to junction of left subclavian and left brachiocephalic veins
22
Q

what does the thoracic duct drain?

A
  • left side of head and neck
  • left arm
  • left side of thorax
  • left/right side of lower body
  • viscera of thoracic
23
Q

what is the origin of the thoracic duct?

A
  • cisterna chyli

- anterior to L1-2 and posterior to right crura of diaphragm

24
Q

what does the right lymphatic duct drain and connect?

A

DRAINS:

  • right head and neck
  • right arm
  • right chest

CONNECTS:
-venous system at jugular subclavian junction

25
Q

what is lymph fluid and what are the components of lymph fluid?

A
  • substance tha leaks out of arterial capillaries into the interstitial and into single cell lymphatic vessels
  • components:
  • -proteins
  • -salts
  • -fats
  • -lymphocytes
  • -clotting factors
  • -large particles: bacteria and viruses
26
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • fluid balance
  • purification and cleansing
  • defense
  • nutrition
27
Q

explain fluid balance of the lymphatic system

A
  • 50% of plasma proteins re-enter system via lymph
  • can absorb some excess fluid from plea, peritoneum, pericardium, and joints
  • large proteins can enter lymphatic system
  • aids in homeostasis
28
Q

explain purification and cleansing of the lymphatic system

A
  • lymph fluid bathes all organs
  • cleanses extracellular spaces of particulate matter, exudate, and bacteria
  • fluid is delivered to the node
29
Q

explain defense and the lymphatic system

A
  • brings toxins, bacteria, viruses into contact with lymphatic system–acquired immunity
  • free flowing of lymph necessary for good immune fcn
30
Q

explain nutrition and lymphatic system

A
  • lymph returns proteins back to vascular system
  • proteins bind to nutrients
  • fats absorbed via lymph system
31
Q

mechanisms of lymph flow

A
  • interstitial fluid pressure

- intrinsic/extrinsic lymphatic pump

32
Q

what is normal interstitial fluid pressure?

A
  • 6.3 mmHg
  • increase in pressure will increase flow
  • above 0 mmHg vessels will collapse and obstruct flow
33
Q

how to increase interstitial fluid pressure?

A
  • increased arterial capillary pressure
  • decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure (hepatic cirrhosis)
  • increased interstitial fluid protein (starvation)
  • increased capillary permeability
34
Q

explain the intrinsic pump

A
  • distension of larger vessels trigger construction of smooth muscle and pumps fluid to next segment
  • smaller vessels: endothelial cells have contractile fibers that respond to dissension
  • contraction causes pressure gradients to help move fluid
35
Q

explain extrinsic pump

A
  • direct pressure on vessels moves lymph
  • internally anywhere pressure exerted will increase flow
  • thoracic diaphragm:
  • –crura acting on cisterns chill
  • –respiration produces pressure gradients b/w thorax and abdomen
  • –pressure gradients and one way valves pull lymph toward lymph circulation
36
Q

when is the pelvis diaphragm important in the extrinsic pump?

A
  • synchronous with abdominal diaphragm
  • movement of interstitial fluids from pelvis
  • important in: dysmenorrhea, prep for labor/delivery, prostate irritation
37
Q

what are the results of poorly functioning lymphatic system?

A
  • edema: build up of interstitial fluid
  • result of too much fluid in interstitial and too little fluid flowing out of interstitium
  • increase of interstitial pressure causes collapse of lymph capillaries
38
Q

effects of edema

A
  • compression of lymph vessels and neuromuscular structures
  • tissue congestion
  • fluid stasis changes pH of tissue/organ
  • decreased delivery of nutrients
  • decreased bioavailability of drugs and hormones
39
Q

what is the goal of OMT for the lymphatic system?

A

balanced, well functioning lymphatic system in which no edema occurs

40
Q

where do you start OMT of lymphatics?

A

thoracic inlet to release fascial restrictions that may impede lymph flow into venous sytem

41
Q

treatment sequence of OMT for lymphatics?

A
  • start centrally at thoracic inlet and work way out distally
  • always return to treat thoracic duct
42
Q

OMT areas of treatment for lymphatics

A
  1. thoracic
  2. abdomen
  3. upper extremity
  4. lower extremity
  5. head and neck
43
Q

where is submental LN?

A

under the chin

44
Q

where is submandibular LN?

A

along mandible

45
Q

what does thoracic duct drain?

A
  • left side of head and neck
  • left arm
  • left side of thorax
  • all lower body
  • viscera
46
Q

if someone has cancer, broken bone, bacterial infection, hepatitis…

A

contraindications–do not do OMT b/c don’t want to move the infection, cancer around

**can do on a bacterial infected pt if they have had antibiotics

Osteopathic Skills--Lexie (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions