Lymphatic system

Question 1

What is lymph?

Answer 1

originates from excess ECF which enters lymphatic (instead of venous) capillaries
consists of water containing electrolytes, glucose, fats and leucocytes but normally without erythrocytes and fewer plasma proteins
lymph from vessels in arms and legs is clear
lymph containing fatty acids from intestines is cloudy (often called chyle)
lymph passes through small, bean-shaped lymph nodes in lymphatic vessels and is filtered for bacteria, cancer cells and other harmful substances

Question 2

What is the function of the thoracic duct?

Answer 2

returns lymph to the CVS by emptying into the left subclavian vein
drains lymph from the legs, pelvic region and abdominal cavity, the left arm and the left hand side of the thorax, head and neck

Question 3

What is the function of the right lymphatic duct?

Answer 3

returns lymph to the CVS by emptying into the right subclavian vein
drains lymph from the right arm and the right hand side of the thorax, head and neck

Question 4

What are the distinct adaptations of lymphatic vessels that support their role in the lymphatic system?

Answer 4

valves to prevent backflow of lymph
smooth muscle in vessel walls contracts rhythmically to move lymph along
this is assisted by the contraction of adjacent muscles and large arteries