Lymphatic system

Question 1

what are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

tissue drainage
return of plasma and plasma proteins which escape from the circulatory system
absorbed fat transport from the gut
acquired immunity

Question 2

how does the lymphatic system carry out the function of tissue drainage and return of plasma proteins?

Answer 2

drains escaped cell-free plasma (tissue fluid) from the extraceullular spaces back to the venous system

Question 3

is there any evidence of the lymphatic system in the CNS?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

what is lymph composed of?

Answer 4

fluid and plasma proteins only, gains lymphocytes as it flows through lymphatic capillaries and channels

Question 5

where is fat added to lymph?

Answer 5

small intestine

Question 6

how does lymph flow through lymphatic vessels?

Answer 6

similar to veins,relying upon muscle contraction, pressure changes and gravity

Question 7

what prevents backflow of lymph through lymphatic vessels?

Answer 7

valves

Question 8

what are lymph nodes?

Answer 8

the part of the lymphatic system where the immunological functions of lymph are located

Question 9

where do groups of lymph nodes occur?

Answer 9

bases of major arterial trunks

Question 10

what route does deep lymphatic drainage follow?

Answer 10

arterial supply

Question 11

what route does superficial lymphatic drainage follow?

Answer 11

veins

Question 12

are lymph nodes primary or secondary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 12

secondary

Question 13

in a histological view of a lymph node, what are the germinal centres in the white pulp representative of?

Answer 13

secondary lymphoid follicules

Question 14

50% of deep lymph nodes are located where?

Answer 14

the abdomen and pelvis

Question 15

give an example of a superficial lymph node?

Answer 15

inguinal nodes located around the femoral triangle at the base of the lower limb

Question 16

what are some examples of lymph node pathologies?

Answer 16

primary tumours (lymphomas), such as hodgkins lymphoma
secondary tumours as a result of metastasis
infections such as tuberculosis
inflammatory hyperplasia

Question 17

what is the purpose of allowing lymph to pass through the germinal centres of the lymph node?

Answer 17

allows B and T cells to have any foreign antigens presented to them

Question 18

what two ducts does all lymph drain into?

Answer 18

thoracic duct

right lymphatic duct

Question 19

where does the right thoracic duct drain lymph from?

Answer 19

upper right quadrant of the body

Question 20

where does the thoracic duct drain lymph from?

Answer 20

everywhere except the upper right quadrant of the body

Question 21

what is each lymph node connected to?

Answer 21

an incoming and outgoing lymphatic vessel

Question 22

what happens to the fats in lymph returning from the small intestine?

Answer 22

drain to the SVC and eventually the liver for absorption

Question 23

what is hyperplasia?

Answer 23

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer.

Question 24

where does lymph enter back into the circulatory system?

Answer 24

at the thoracic duct

Question 25

what branch of the lymphatic ystem is contained within intestinal villi?

Answer 25

lacteal

Question 26

what is the name given to lymph containing fat?

Answer 26

chyle

Question 27

where are peyers patches?

Answer 27

in the wall of the small intestine

Question 28

what are the function of peyers patches?

Answer 28

combat infection in the gut

Question 29

where is lymph NOT drained from?

Answer 29

skin
cartilage
bone
CNS
majority of spleen and liver