Lymph Nodes and Mucus Membranes

Question 1

Physical methods

Answer 1

Inspection

Palpation- internal(rectal?) or external

Question 2

Ancillary diagnostic methods

Answer 2

Fine needle aspiration- cytology
Biopsy- histopathology
Surgical excision- histopath
Diagnostic imaging- US, Endoscopy

Question 3

Palpable lymph nodes in healthy horses

Answer 3

Manibular

Superficial inguinal

Question 4

Palpable lymph nodes in pathological conditions

Answer 4

Lateral retropharyngeal
Superficial cervical
Rectal palpation: iliosacral and mesenteric

Question 5

Locations to examine mucus membranes

Answer 5

Oral mucosa
Conjunctiva
Nasal mucosa
Anal mucosa
Genital mucosa

Question 6

Normal mucus membrane findings

Answer 6

Light pink
Smooth- but conjunctiva slightly wrinkled 
Shiny 
Moist
Intact
Blood vessels barely visible 
Capillary refill time less than 2 secs

Question 7

Abnormal findings of mucus membranes

Answer 7

Pale- anaemia
Haemaperitoneum
External haemorrhage

Dark pink/red/ dirty red + toxic rim- hypovolaemic/endotoxic shock
Small intestinal strangulation
Grass sickness
Colitis

Yellow- icterus
Neonatal isoerythrolysis

Patechiae
Strangles
Tumour
Rectal prolapse