Alimentary System Flashcards
History
Appetite Water intake Prehension Mastication Swallowing Defecation Pain (colic)
Body condition scoring
Scale 1-9
Visual inspection and palpation of regions
Positively related to body fat percentage
No correlation to body weight!
Foals the scale is 1-5
Exam of the oral cavity
Odour Mucus Membranes Saliva Teeth Tongue
Examination of the Salivary Glands
Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Buccal
Examination of the Pharynx
External:
Inspection
Palpation
Internal: Palpation Endoscopy- small nodules of lymphatic tissue especially in young horses Nasogastric tubing Watering and feeding test
Exam of the esophagus
Inspection Palpation Nasogastric tubing Watering and feeding test Endoscopy X-ray- with contrast material US
Exam of the abdomen methods
Inspection Palpation Auscultation Percussion Rectal Palpation Nasogastric intubation Abdominocentesis Endoscopy Radiography US...
Inspection of the abdomen
From all angles! behind, the side, the front, below
Shape, contour, volume, movements
Palpation of the abdomen
Temp Thickness Tenseness Sensitivity Pain Swellings
Auscultation of the abdomen
Gurgling, rumbling
Tinkling, splashing
Physio: +
Decreased: 1/- large colon obstruction and displacement
Increased: ++ borborygmi: early stages of enteritis, colitis, typhlitis
Reduced/absent sounds: atony, impaction, obstruction, shock, poor perfusion, high sympathetic tone
At least 3 areas on each side and spend 1 minute on each area
Percussion of the abdomen
Info regarding gas distension of caecum and large colon
Not used as frequently anymore
Left:
dorsal third: dulled tympanic
Middle third: dulled tympanic
Ventral third: dulled
Right:
Dorsal third: tympanic
Middle third: dulled tympanic
ventral third: dulled
Rectal palpation as an exam of the abdomen
40% of abdomen is palpable in this way
Prep: restraint, spasmolytics, sedation
Inspection: perianal area, anus
Some palpable structures: Bony pelvis, internal inguinal rings, prostate, bladder, abdominal aorta, left kidney, spleen, pelvic flexure etc
Abdominocentesis: patho conditions
Peritonitis Abd neoplasia Abscesses Strangulation Uroperitoneum GI rupture
Abdominocentesis: fluids
Transudate Modified transudate Exudate Blood Urine
Radiography of abdomen indications
Check NG placement in foals
Dignose diseases in neonates
Sand in ventral colon
Enteroliths