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bio lab exam 2 > lympahtic and immunity > Flashcards

lympahtic and immunity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

in blood type A- what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: A
antibodies: B
will make antibodies for rh or d factor

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2
Q

in blood type A+ what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: A
Antibodies: B
will not make antibodies for rh factor

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3
Q

in blood type B- what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: B
anitbodies: A
will make RH factor antibodies if exposed

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4
Q

in blood type B+ what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: B
antibodies: A
will not make antibodies on exposure to rh factor

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5
Q

in blood type AB- what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: A and B
antibodies: none
will make rh antibodies if exposed

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6
Q

in blood type AB+ what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: AB
antibodies: none
will not make rh antibodies if exposed

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7
Q

in blood type o- what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: none
antibodies: A and B
will make rh antibodies if exposed

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8
Q

in blood type o+ what are antigens on surface and antibodies?

A

antigens: none
antibodies: A and B
will not make RH factor antibodies

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9
Q

what is transfusion reaction?

A

adverse events associated with the transfusion of whole blood or one of its componenets

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10
Q

what are consequences of transfussion reaction?

A

will make antibodies causing clotting of cells to break down in circulatory system

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11
Q

what is agglutinogen?

A

an antigen that stimulates the production of an aglutinin

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12
Q

what is a agglutinin?

A

us a substance in blood that causes particles to coagulate and aggregate

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13
Q

what is homologous transfusion?

A

someone collecting and infusing the blood of a compatible donor into themselves

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14
Q

what is a autologous transfusion?

A

reinfusion of blood or blood components to the same individual who they were taken from

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15
Q

what are three main functions of lymphatic system?

A

immune defense
maintain blood volume
transport dietary lipids

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16
Q

what are the different types of tonsils and where they are located?

A

palatine tonsils- in the oropharynx
lingual tonsils- under the tongue
pharyngeal tonsil- roof of nasopharynx

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17
Q

which tonsil is reffered to as adenoid?

A

phayngeal

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18
Q

three functions of the spleen?

A

filters blood- macrophages remove pathogens
removes old RBC from circulation
immune servielence- innate immune responces to pathogens in blood

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19
Q

what type of cells does red pulp contain?

A

erythrocytes

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20
Q

what does white pulp resemble and cells?

A

resembles nodules and has lymphoid tissue so WBC

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21
Q

what organ atrophies in adulthood?

A

thymus gland

22
Q

what immune cells mature in the thymus?

A

t-lymphocytes

23
Q

what influences maturation of t-lymphocytes?

A

thymosins

24
Q

function of lymph nodes?

A

filter lymph before returning to venous circulation

25
Q

what type of ct predominates lymph nodes?

A

dense ct

26
Q

where are lymph nodes most present in clumps?

A

cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

27
Q

why is lymph nodes common site of cancer metasis?

A

because lymph nodes filter tissue

28
Q

how is lymph circulated?

A

just like venous blood, respiratory pump and skeletal muscle pump
smooth muscle contraction

29
Q

what structure in lymph vessels prevents backflow?

A

valves

30
Q

what area is drained by right lymphatic duct?

A

right cervical, right thoracic, right arm

31
Q

what area is drained by thoracic duct?

A

lower extremeties, left upper extremeties

32
Q

what large veins do these ducts deliver lymph fluid to?

A

subclavian and internal jugular

33
Q

what is interferons?

A

SPECIFIC Proteins secreted by virus infected cells; signal neighbouring cells to protect themselves against viral infection; activate NK cells and macrophages

34
Q

what is NK cells?

A

SPECIFIC Special lymphocytes that patrol peripheral tissues; recognize and destroy abnormal cells (e.g. cancer cell or virus-infected cell) when they detect low MHC I levels on cell surface.

35
Q

what are macrophages?

A

NONSPECIFIC Large phagocytes that engulf cellular debris, foreign particles/cells; present antigen to helper T cells.

36
Q

what are inflammatory mediators?

A

chemicals secreted by cells that trigger inflammation

37
Q

what are dendritic cells?

A

NONSPECIFIC Type of macrophage found in the epidermis and mucous membranes; engulf cellular debris, foreign particles/cells; present antigen to helper T cells.

38
Q

what are cytotoxic T cells?

A

NONSPECIFIC T cells that secrete perforins and granzymes to destroy abnormal (cancer) cells, virus-infected cells and transplanted cells.

39
Q

what are helper t cells?

A

NONSPECIFIC T cells that secrete cytokines (chemical signals) that mobilize other immune cells.

40
Q

what are memory cells?

A

SPECIFIC Long lived T and B lymphocytes that are produced following exposure to an antigen and provide immunity over many years.

41
Q

what are perforins?

A

NONSPECIFIC Proteins secreted by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells that make holes in target cells.

42
Q

what are granzymes?

A

NONSPECIFIC Enzymes released by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells that induce cell death (apoptosis) by degrading cellular proteins and DNA.

43
Q

what are antigen presenting cells?

A

NONSPECIFIC Display nonself-antigens on MHC II proteins to helper T cells.

44
Q

what are B cells?

A

NONSPECIFIC Antigen presenting cells; differentiate into plasma cells.

45
Q

what are plasma cells?

A

non-specific B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies?

46
Q

what are antibodies?

A

SPECIFIC Proteins secreted by plasma cells that circulate in the blood where they recognize and bind foreign antigens.

47
Q

what are the lymphoid organs?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, thymus

48
Q

two main types of lymphocytes and where the originate?

A

t lymphocytes- thymus
b lymphocytes- bone marrow

49
Q

what is active vs passive immunity?

A

active immunity is developed due to production of antibodies in one own body
passive immunity is developed antibodies prodcued outisde then introduced into the body

50
Q

what is non-specifc immunity?

A

in place before exposure to pathogens
secretions, defensins, pyrogens, interferons, completment, inflammation

bio lab exam 2 (4 decks)

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