LW5 Flashcards
ADR with fluoxetine?
Nausea
Which drug may give oral/gi/skin ulcer?
Nicorandil
Which drugs may give gingival hypertrophy?
Ciclosporin and Phenytoin
Co-amoxiclav can cause…
Cholestasis
Beta blockers may cause…
Raynaud’s
What is potter’s sequence?
Abnormal facial features due to oligohydramnios which causes pulmonary hypoplasia. Babies have a flat face, small mouth, low set ears
Other genetic causes of renal failure?
CHARGE syndrome and branchio-otorenal syndrome (4 fingers)
What increases risk of renal cysts?
diabetes, abnormal genital tract
Alports syndrome
X linked recessive hereditary nephritis, haematuria, HL and eye problems
Bartter’s and Gitelman syndrome symptoms
causes muscle spasms, cramps, salt craving, fatigue
Renal tubular acidosis
when the tubule absorption of H+ and bicarbonate is affected
Metabolic stone disease causes what and may be caused by?
Renal tubular acidosis and high urate and may be caused by cystinosis
VHL features
renal cancers, cerebellar haemangioblastoma, retinal angioma
WAGR syndrome
wilm’s tumour, aniridia, genital anomalies and aniridia
Fanconi syndrome
Dysfunction of PCT where most things reabsorbed so you get glycosuria, phosphaturia, proteinuria, bicarb wasting, uric acid, loss of water and ions in urine.
Due to loss of bicarb and K+ you get hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
Anaemia caused by bone marrow failure and ususally have six fingers
3 year old with suspected UTI, how do you investigate?
MC+S
CKD 5 treatment in kids
transplant
Liddle syndrome vs pseudohypoaldosteronism?
Liddle has hypertension and hypokalaemia while pseudo has salt wasting and hyperkalaemia
Cystinosis affects which part of the nephron and causes what syndrome?
PCT and causes renal fanconi syndrome
Electrolyte abnormalities in Gitelman’s syndrome
Mildly reduced magnesium and potassium
Bartter’s syndrome
problem with LoH causing diuresis i.e. works like furosemide
Lab investigations for TB
o Microscopy of sputum (Ziehl-Neelsen stain)
o acid fast bacilli seen if postitive for TB
Other uses for CT-KUB
obstruction, tumours and congenital bnormalities
Uses of renogram
a form of nuclear medicine used to test function of kidneys (i.e. in the case of transplant)
Characteristics of nephrotic syndrome
low albumin, proteinuria, oedema, high cholesterol and hypercoagulability
Causes of nephrotic syndrome
MCD, FSGS, Membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative
Which nephrotic is most common in children and responsive to steroids?
Minimal change diseases
Which nephrotic is most common in africans and hispanics?
FSGS
Which nephrotics cause thinkened GBM and and have immune complex deposition?
Membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative
Nephritic syndrome characteristics and examples?
Azotemia, oliguria, red cell casts, hypertension and oedema
IgA nephropathy, Goodpasture’s, Churg Strauss, Wegener’s granulomatosis and post strep
Which nephritis is associated with recent infection
Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)
Which nephritis is associated with recent sor throat or impetigo?
Post strep GN
Which conditions are associated with pANCA and cANCA respectively
Churg strauss and Wegener’s granulomatosis
Definitive airways?
endotracheal tube, tracheostomy
Causes of reduced resp rate?
opiates, sedatives, head injury
Causes of increased rep rate
hypoxia, brainstem herniation, met acidosis and overdose
Small and reactive pupils
encephalopathy, midbrain hernation
Fixed pupils
opiates
Dilated and reactive
metabolic, midbrain, ecstasy
Dilated and fixed pupils
seizure, ischaemia, hypothermia, anticholinergics
Unequal pupils causes
horner’s and third nerve palsy
What is a common electrolyte abnormality in SAH na dhow do you manage it?
low sodium, give saline
Where do renal cancers usually mets to?
hepatorenal pouch (morson’s pouch)
Transitional cell carcinoma is related to…
industrial dyes
Infliximab
TNF alpha
Adalimumab
TNF alpha
Etanercept
TNF alpha
Common side effects of biologics
Injection site reactions, infusion reactions and infections
Rituximab
CD 20
Which biologic is a CD52 antibody and can cause secondary autoimmunity
Alemtuzumab
