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LECTURE WEEKS > LW5 > Flashcards

LW5 Flashcards

1
Q

ADR with fluoxetine?

A

Nausea

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2
Q

Which drug may give oral/gi/skin ulcer?

A

Nicorandil

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3
Q

Which drugs may give gingival hypertrophy?

A

Ciclosporin and Phenytoin

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4
Q

Co-amoxiclav can cause…

A

Cholestasis

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5
Q

Beta blockers may cause…

A

Raynaud’s

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6
Q

What is potter’s sequence?

A

Abnormal facial features due to oligohydramnios which causes pulmonary hypoplasia. Babies have a flat face, small mouth, low set ears

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7
Q

Other genetic causes of renal failure?

A

CHARGE syndrome and branchio-otorenal syndrome (4 fingers)

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8
Q

What increases risk of renal cysts?

A

diabetes, abnormal genital tract

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9
Q

Alports syndrome

A

X linked recessive hereditary nephritis, haematuria, HL and eye problems

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10
Q

Bartter’s and Gitelman syndrome symptoms

A

causes muscle spasms, cramps, salt craving, fatigue

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11
Q

Renal tubular acidosis

A

when the tubule absorption of H+ and bicarbonate is affected

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12
Q

Metabolic stone disease causes what and may be caused by?

A

Renal tubular acidosis and high urate and may be caused by cystinosis

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13
Q

VHL features

A

renal cancers, cerebellar haemangioblastoma, retinal angioma

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14
Q

WAGR syndrome

A

wilm’s tumour, aniridia, genital anomalies and aniridia

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15
Q

Fanconi syndrome

A

Dysfunction of PCT where most things reabsorbed so you get glycosuria, phosphaturia, proteinuria, bicarb wasting, uric acid, loss of water and ions in urine.

Due to loss of bicarb and K+ you get hypokalemic metabolic acidosis

Anaemia caused by bone marrow failure and ususally have six fingers

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16
Q

3 year old with suspected UTI, how do you investigate?

A

MC+S

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17
Q

CKD 5 treatment in kids

A

transplant

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18
Q

Liddle syndrome vs pseudohypoaldosteronism?

A

Liddle has hypertension and hypokalaemia while pseudo has salt wasting and hyperkalaemia

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19
Q

Cystinosis affects which part of the nephron and causes what syndrome?

A

PCT and causes renal fanconi syndrome

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20
Q

Electrolyte abnormalities in Gitelman’s syndrome

A

Mildly reduced magnesium and potassium

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21
Q

Bartter’s syndrome

A

problem with LoH causing diuresis i.e. works like furosemide

22
Q

Lab investigations for TB

A

o Microscopy of sputum (Ziehl-Neelsen stain)

o acid fast bacilli seen if postitive for TB

23
Q

Other uses for CT-KUB

A

obstruction, tumours and congenital bnormalities

24
Q

Uses of renogram

A

a form of nuclear medicine used to test function of kidneys (i.e. in the case of transplant)

25
Q

Characteristics of nephrotic syndrome

A

low albumin, proteinuria, oedema, high cholesterol and hypercoagulability

26
Q

Causes of nephrotic syndrome

A

MCD, FSGS, Membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative

27
Q

Which nephrotic is most common in children and responsive to steroids?

A

Minimal change diseases

28
Q

Which nephrotic is most common in africans and hispanics?

A

FSGS

29
Q

Which nephrotics cause thinkened GBM and and have immune complex deposition?

A

Membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative

30
Q

Nephritic syndrome characteristics and examples?

A

Azotemia, oliguria, red cell casts, hypertension and oedema

IgA nephropathy, Goodpasture’s, Churg Strauss, Wegener’s granulomatosis and post strep

31
Q

Which nephritis is associated with recent infection

A

Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)

32
Q

Which nephritis is associated with recent sor throat or impetigo?

A

Post strep GN

33
Q

Which conditions are associated with pANCA and cANCA respectively

A

Churg strauss and Wegener’s granulomatosis

34
Q

Definitive airways?

A

endotracheal tube, tracheostomy

35
Q

Causes of reduced resp rate?

A

opiates, sedatives, head injury

36
Q

Causes of increased rep rate

A

hypoxia, brainstem herniation, met acidosis and overdose

37
Q

Small and reactive pupils

A

encephalopathy, midbrain hernation

38
Q

Fixed pupils

A

opiates

39
Q

Dilated and reactive

A

metabolic, midbrain, ecstasy

40
Q

Dilated and fixed pupils

A

seizure, ischaemia, hypothermia, anticholinergics

41
Q

Unequal pupils causes

A

horner’s and third nerve palsy

42
Q

What is a common electrolyte abnormality in SAH na dhow do you manage it?

A

low sodium, give saline

43
Q

Where do renal cancers usually mets to?

A

hepatorenal pouch (morson’s pouch)

44
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma is related to…

A

industrial dyes

45
Q

Infliximab

A

TNF alpha

46
Q

Adalimumab

A

TNF alpha

47
Q

Etanercept

A

TNF alpha

48
Q

Common side effects of biologics

A

Injection site reactions, infusion reactions and infections

49
Q

Rituximab

A

CD 20

50
Q

Which biologic is a CD52 antibody and can cause secondary autoimmunity

A

Alemtuzumab

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