LW3 Flashcards
Causes of myocarditis
Viral (coxsachie: heart foot and mouth), Bacterial (meningococcus), Radiation, Drugs
How do fibrinolytics work
converts plasminogen to plasmin which breaks down fibrin and so dissolves thrombi
What bleeds do you get in haemophilia?
haemarthroses, haematuria, intramuscular , intracranial
Treatment of haemophilias+von willebrand?
DDAVP (only in A+vWF), factor concentrates, tranaxemic acid,
Investigations for haemorrhagic disorder
FBC, renal function, LFTs, Paraproteins
can also do factor assays, mixing studies etc
Causes of long PT
Warfarin, vit K deficiency, liver dysfn, Factor 7 def
Causes of long APTT
Haemophilia, von willebrand, Lupus anticoagulant, heparin
PT + APTT pattern in Vit K deficiency
^^PT and ^APTT
Causes of acquired bleeding disorders
Vit K def, Vit C def (affects collagen synthesis), DIC, Liver disease, acquired haemophilia
Acquired haemophilia pathophys
Spontaneous low factor 8 inhibitor which causes a very long APTT confirmed with inhibitor assay
Acquired haemophilia treatment
FEIBA, Novoseven, steroids, DDAVP, rituximab
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
hereditary thrombocytopaenia and eczema
Cause of bacterial endocarditis in neonates and in adults?
staph aureus in neonates and strep viridans
Causative organism for myocarditis?
adenovirus
Causes of congenital heart disease
TORCH, chromosomal abnormalities
Treatment algorithm for HF (ABASI-D)
- ACE and beta blocker
- Aldosterone antagonist
- Sacubatril/Valsartan
- ICD/Ivabradine
- Digoxin + Hydralazine
- LVAD
Causes of acute heart failure?
cardiogenic shock, volume overload, sepsis
Criteria for ICD vs CRT
No LBBB and narrow QRS: ICD
LBB and wide QRS: CRT
What conditions are digoxin contraindicated in?
WPW and HOCM
How does kawaski affect the heart?
Coronary artery aneurysms
Chronic heart failure management:
- BNP 100-400 NT 400-2000
- BNP >400 NT > 2000
ECHO in both cases
- 6 wk referral
- 2 week referral
What BNP (and NT) is needed for diagnosing acute heart failure
BNP >100 NT>300
Antiarrythmic classes (Some Boys Play Catch)
- Sodium channel blockers: quinidine, lidocaine, flecainide
- Beta antagonists: propanolol, metoprolol
- Potassium channel Blockers: amiodarone, sotalol
- Calcium channel blockers: verapamil