Lungs, Trachea, Nasal

Question 1

In what vertebral plane is the tracheal bifurcation located?

Answer 1

Level of T4-T5

Question 2

What are the special features of the right main bronchus

Answer 2

Shorter (2.5cm)
Wider
More vertical than the left main bronchus
Runs under arch of the azygous vein
Divided into 3 lobar bronchi

Question 3

What are the special features of the left main bronchus

Answer 3

Longer (5cm)
More horizontal
Slight S shaped
runs inferior to aortic arch
Divided into 2 lobar brachi

Question 4

Name the parts of the parietal pleura

Answer 4

Cervical cupula
Costal pleura
mediastinal pleura
diaphragmatic pleura

Question 5

Name the intial pathways of the pulmonary lymphatics.

Answer 5

All lymph from lungs enter the inf. and sup. tracheobronchial nodes and then continue to the right and left bronchomediastinal trunk to drain into the venous system via the right lymphatic and thoracic duct

a) superficial lymphatics/ subpleura lymphatic
b) deep lymphatics
a) and b) continue into the intrapulmonary lymph nodes

Question 6

What is the smallest surgically resectable subdivision of the lobes of the lungs?

Answer 6

Bronchopulmonary segement

Question 7

How many bronchopulmonary segments make up the lobes of the right lung?

Answer 7

10 (sup 3; middle 2; inf 5)

Question 8

How many bronchopulmonary segments make up the lobes of the left lung?

Answer 8

10 (Sup 5; inf 5)

Question 9

List the major items of the right pulmonary hilum in sup-inf order

Answer 9

Main Bronchus
Pul. Artery
Pul. Vein

Question 10

List the major items of the left pulmonary hilum in sup-inf order

Answer 10

Pul. Artery
Main Bronchus
Pul. Vein

Question 11

Define the location of the aortic groove

Answer 11

on left lung immediately above the hilum

Question 12

Define the pulmonary root.

Answer 12

Connection of the lung with the heart and trachea formed by the collection of vessels and bronchi that enter and leave lung through the center of its medial surface.

Question 13

What is the topographic relation of the vagus nerve to the root of the lung?

Answer 13

Left and right vagus posterior to left and right root of the lung

Question 14

Name two pleural recesses

Answer 14

Costomediastinal recess
Phrenicomediatinal recess
costadiaphragmatic recess
vertebromediastinal recess

Question 15

What is the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 15

Pleural reflection between the visceral and parietal pleura

Question 16

What are the function of the vessels of the lung?

Answer 16

Arteries: Pulmonary trunk, R and L pulmonary artery
Veins: R and L pulmonary veins

Question 17

List the paranasal sinuses

Answer 17

Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal cells (Ethmoidal sinus)
Maxillary Sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Left Atrium

Question 18

Where does the frontal sinus open to?

Answer 18

Middle nasal meatus

Question 19

Where does the maxillary sinus open to?

Answer 19

Open to middle nasal meatus to maxillary meatusW

Question 20

Where does the sphenoidal sinus open to?

Answer 20

Sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity

Question 21

What opens into the inferior nasal meatus?

Answer 21

Nasolacrimal duct