Bones

Question 1

How many vertebrae are present in each section of the vertebral column?

Answer 1

Cervical: 7
Thorax: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Coccygeal: 3-4 fused

Question 2

Which vertebrae does not have a body?

Answer 2

Atlas or C1 (Cervical 1)

Question 3

Which part of the lumbar vertebra is considered to be a rudiment of the rib?

Answer 3

Costal Part

Question 4

Which vertebrae have heart shaped body?

Answer 4

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 5

in which plane are the superior articular surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae oriented ?

Answer 5

Frontal Plane

Question 6

Which part of the vertebral column features highest rotational degree of freedom, and why?

Answer 6

1) Between Atlas and Axis of cervical vertebrae due to pivot joint with the dense vertebral process of the C2 instead of the joint of the bodies which creates less rotation

2) There are no ribs, which restrict the rotation

Question 7

What is the reason for the lack of torsion in the lumbar part of the vertebral column?

Answer 7

The shape and the processes (i.e sagittal) of the articular processes.

Question 8

The spinous process of which cervical vertebra is palpable?

Answer 8

Vertebral prominence on C7

Question 9

What is the name of the diathrosis between the adjacent articular processes of the vertebrae?

Answer 9

Zygapophyseal Joint

Question 10

What is the type of synarthrosis of the sacrum?

Answer 10

synostosis

Question 11

Which part of the sacrum is considered to be the rudiment of the transverse processes of the vertebrae?

Answer 11

lateral sacral crest

Question 12

What is the type of the atlanto-occipital joint?

Answer 12

Ellipsoidal Synovial joint

Question 13

Name the ligaments which connect the vertebral arches

Answer 13

Supra spinous lig
Interspinal ligament
Ligamentum Flavum

Question 14

which syndesmosis can be found on the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies?

Answer 14

Anterior longitudinal lig.

Question 15

Which ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes to the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 15

Supra spinous lig

Question 16

Which ligament retains the dens of the axis in the fovea of the dens

Answer 16

Transverse lig of the atlas

Question 17

What are the parts of the atlanto-axial joint?

Answer 17

Lateral atlanto-axial joint: Plane joint
Articulation surface:
Inf. Articular surface of the Atlas
Sup. articular surface of axis

Median Atlanto-axial joint: Pivot joint
Articulation surfaces: Dense (or odontoid process) of the axis, Fovea/ Facet for dens (of the atlas)
ant. articulating facet (of the axis)
post. articulating facet (of the axis)
Transverse ligament of the atlas

Question 18

Name the inner part of the intervertebral discs.

Answer 18

Nucleus pulposus

Question 19

Name the sagittal curvature of the vertebral column on the cervical and lumbar part.

Answer 19

Lordosis

Question 20

Name the sagittal curvature of the vertebral column on the Thoracic and sacral part.

Answer 20

Kyphosis

Question 21

Which of the two lordoses forms first

Answer 21

Cervical lordosis

Question 22

What are the major parts of the sternum

Answer 22

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 23

at which vertebral level does the transthoracic plane of the sternal angle go through?

Answer 23

T4/T5

Question 24

Which rib articulates the sternum next to the sternal angle

Answer 24

2nd Rib

Question 25

What are the classes of the ribs?

Answer 25

True Ribs (1-7)
False Ribs (8-12)
Floating Ribs (11-12)

Question 26

Which joints participate in the respiratory movements?

Answer 26

Costovertebral Joints

Question 27

What are the parts of the costovertebral joints?

Answer 27

Joint of head of the rib
Costal tubercle with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae (costotransverse joint)

Question 28

What is the innermost layer of the thoracic wall.

Answer 28

Endothoracic fascia

Question 29

What is the definiton of the mediastinum?

Answer 29

Middle portion of the thoracic cavity, between the two lungs.