Bones Flashcards
How many vertebrae are present in each section of the vertebral column?
Cervical: 7
Thorax: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Coccygeal: 3-4 fused
Which vertebrae does not have a body?
Atlas or C1 (Cervical 1)
Which part of the lumbar vertebra is considered to be a rudiment of the rib?
Costal Part
Which vertebrae have heart shaped body?
Thoracic vertebrae
in which plane are the superior articular surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae oriented ?
Frontal Plane
Which part of the vertebral column features highest rotational degree of freedom, and why?
1) Between Atlas and Axis of cervical vertebrae due to pivot joint with the dense vertebral process of the C2 instead of the joint of the bodies which creates less rotation
2) There are no ribs, which restrict the rotation
What is the reason for the lack of torsion in the lumbar part of the vertebral column?
The shape and the processes (i.e sagittal) of the articular processes.
The spinous process of which cervical vertebra is palpable?
Vertebral prominence on C7
What is the name of the diathrosis between the adjacent articular processes of the vertebrae?
Zygapophyseal Joint
What is the type of synarthrosis of the sacrum?
synostosis
Which part of the sacrum is considered to be the rudiment of the transverse processes of the vertebrae?
lateral sacral crest
What is the type of the atlanto-occipital joint?
Ellipsoidal Synovial joint
Name the ligaments which connect the vertebral arches
Supra spinous lig
Interspinal ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
which syndesmosis can be found on the anterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies?
Anterior longitudinal lig.
Which ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes to the cervical vertebrae?
Supra spinous lig
Which ligament retains the dens of the axis in the fovea of the dens
Transverse lig of the atlas
What are the parts of the atlanto-axial joint?
Lateral atlanto-axial joint: Plane joint
Articulation surface:
Inf. Articular surface of the Atlas
Sup. articular surface of axis
Median Atlanto-axial joint: Pivot joint
Articulation surfaces: Dense (or odontoid process) of the axis, Fovea/ Facet for dens (of the atlas)
ant. articulating facet (of the axis)
post. articulating facet (of the axis)
Transverse ligament of the atlas
Name the inner part of the intervertebral discs.
Nucleus pulposus
Name the sagittal curvature of the vertebral column on the cervical and lumbar part.
Lordosis
Name the sagittal curvature of the vertebral column on the Thoracic and sacral part.
Kyphosis
Which of the two lordoses forms first
Cervical lordosis
What are the major parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
at which vertebral level does the transthoracic plane of the sternal angle go through?
T4/T5
Which rib articulates the sternum next to the sternal angle
2nd Rib
What are the classes of the ribs?
True Ribs (1-7)
False Ribs (8-12)
Floating Ribs (11-12)
Which joints participate in the respiratory movements?
Costovertebral Joints
What are the parts of the costovertebral joints?
Joint of head of the rib
Costal tubercle with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae (costotransverse joint)
What is the innermost layer of the thoracic wall.
Endothoracic fascia
What is the definiton of the mediastinum?
Middle portion of the thoracic cavity, between the two lungs.
