Lungs + Smoking Flashcards
What are the alveoli
They alveoli are small cavities inside the lung tissue. They look like a bunch of grapes in that they have a bumpy surface, this increases the surface area to allow for gas exchange to happen quickly in the form of diffusion
What do we breathe in
Oxygen
What do we breathe out
Carbon dioxide and water vapour
What is gas exchange
Gas exchange is the process by which the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the air and blood circulating in the lung tissue
What is the pigment that carries oxygen in red blood cells
Haemoglobin
What is the difference between a bronchi and a bronchiole?
The bronchi are the 2 tubes that the trachea divides into
The bronchioles are the branches that come off of these
What effects can smoking have on the lungs
Cilia are destroyed (mucus accumulates in the respiratory tubes)
Lung cancer
Emphysema is when the walls of the alveoli are destroyed (less surface area for gas exchange and breathing becomes hard)
Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in the haemoglobin
Possible effects of smoking in the heart
CO reduces oxygen in the blood, heart needs to pump more, raised blood pressure damages heart Less energy (no oxygen) , cells in heart could die, cardiac arrest Platelets become too sticky, clots can block coronary arteries
Where can you find ciliates cells
Ciliated cells line the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
They waft out stuff
What are the two moist membranes called that separate the lungs from the rib cage
Pleural membranes. The form a continuous layer around the lungs with form an air tight seal. Between the two layers there is pleural fluid which acts as a lubricating agent so that the surfaces of the lungs don’t stick to the inside of the chest cavity/rib age when we breath
When you breath in what happens
The rib cage expands outwards and upwards (external intercostal muscles contract and internal intercostal muscles relax) the diaphragm contracts and pulls downwards. The volume of the thorax or chest cavity increases. And the pressure inside the thorax decreases and air is sucked in from outside
What happens when you breath out
External Intercostal muscles relax and the internal intercostal muscles contract task the ribcage moves downwards and inwards. The diaphragm relaxes and returns to domed shape. The volume in the thorax decreases and the pressure increases and therefore forces air out
What does antagonistic mean?
Working in opposition to each other
