Blood Circulaton (not Including Heart) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are veins

A

Veins carry blood towards the heart under low pressure and velocity

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2
Q

The arteries that branch out into smaller vessels are called …

A

arterioles

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3
Q

The veins that branch out into smaller vessels are called …

A

venules

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4
Q

What are capillaries

A

Capillaries are very small vessels linking to the arterioles and the venules. They branch out many times and lie in the tissues of the body, amongst the cells. They have a very small diameter but the walls are thin.
It is here that diffusion of substance occurs between blood and the fluid which surrounds the cells.

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5
Q

What colour is oxygenated blood usually represented as ?

A

Red.

It is actually dark red

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6
Q

What colour is deoxygenated blood usually represented as?

A

Blue.

It is actually a light red

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7
Q

What are the lymphatic vessels for?

A

The fluid that inevitably leaks out of thin walled capillaries is collected by the lymphatic vessels and eventually drains back into the bloodstream

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8
Q

What are arteries

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure and velocity

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9
Q

Pulmonary is to do with …

A

Lungs

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10
Q

Hepatic is to do with ..

A

Liver

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11
Q

Renal is to do with ..

A

Kidneys

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12
Q

What is the lumen

A

The space inside a blood vessel

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13
Q

What is the structure of an artery

A
Round shape 
Thick outer wall
Thick layer of muscle + elastic fibres (so that it can recoil and doesn't burst)
Smooth lining 
Small lumen
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14
Q

What is the structure of a vein

A
Misshapen
Fairly thin outer wall
Thin layer of muscle & elastic fibres 
Smooth lining 
Large lumen
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15
Q

What is the structure of a capillary (all cells are very close to a capillary)

A

Very small lumen

Wall made of a single layer of cells (so that diffusion happens quickly and easily)

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16
Q

Why do we need a circulatory system

A

To ensure all cells have fresh nutrients and that waste products are removed

17
Q

What are the 3 main components of the circulatory system

A

Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

18
Q

All mammals have a double circulatory system. What does this mean?

A

For every complete circuit of the body, the blood passes through the heart twice

19
Q

Coronary is to do with …

A

The heart

20
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells?

A

Lymphocytes and phagocytes

21
Q

Describe a phagocyte (appearance)

A

Weirdly shaped,
Lobed nucleus
Grainy cytoplasm (sacks of enzymes that digest materials/pathogens taken into the cell)

22
Q

How do lymphocytes work?

A

Lymphocytes produce specific antibodies to fight particular pathogens. The antibody slots into the pathogen in a lock and key way. Lymphocytes remember which antibodies to produce so if the pathogen returns it can be fought off quickly as the lymphocyte will produce them quickly

23
Q

How do phagocytes work?

A

Phagocytes ingest pathogens and then digest them

24
Q

What does blood contain?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

25
Q

Why do larger organisms have respiratory systems e.t.c but unicellular organisms don’t

A

Larger organism need help with diffusion because their volume to surface area ration is smaller

26
Q

What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

A

Heart, blood and blood vessels

27
Q

Hepatic vein and artery are connected to what?

A

The liver

28
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein connect?

A

The ileum to the liver

29
Q

What do the renal vein and artery connect to?

A

The kidneys

30
Q

What are the two vena cavas?

A

Vena cava from head

Vena cava from body

31
Q

Why is the circulatory system called a double circulatory system?

A

It passed through the heart twice.

32
Q

What does plasma do?

A

Plasma is a straw-coloured liquid. It transports dissolved substances around the body, including:
hormones
nutrients, such as water, glucose, amino acids, minerals and vitamins
waste substances, such as carbon dioxide and urea
Red blood cells

33
Q

Adaptions of red blood cells

A

Flexible membrane
Dip in middle gives a high surface area to volume ratio so lots of exchange sites
No nucleus so can keep more haemoglobin which carries oxygen

34
Q

How do vaccinations work?

A

A damaged or dead virus is injected into the body. It results in the manufacturing of memory cells which enables future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quality

35
Q

Platelets are involved in blood clotting. Why do we need blood clots?

A

Prevents blood loss and entry of microorganisms into the body

36
Q

Process of blood clotting?

A

Damage platelets which starts a series of reactions, fibrinogen (made in liver, present in plasma. Large protein) goes to fibrin (insoluble thread which form clots)
FIBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN

37
Q

General points in arteries

A

Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)
Arteries tend to be deeper in the body for protection (blood loss from a would in an artery would be fatal as there is high pressured blood)

38
Q

General points about veins

A

Veins carry blood towards the heart
Carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein)
Veins near the surface of the skin. Appear blue but the blood they carry is actually dark red