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Anatomy Sem 2 > Lungs & Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Lungs & Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what surrounds each lung?

A

pleural cavity

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2
Q

the lungs are either side of the…

A

…mediastinum

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3
Q

what is the lung root?

A

collection of structures that suspends the lung from the mediastinum

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4
Q

medial surface of left lung close to what structures?

A

heart, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, oesophagus

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5
Q

medial surface of right lung close to what structures?

A

oesophagus, heart, inferior and superior vena cava, azygous vein

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6
Q

what is the rough shape of the lung? includes (5)?

A

cone shaped; apex, base, 3 surfaces and 3 borders, lobes

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7
Q

why is the left lung smaller?

A

heart

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8
Q

what is the apex of the lung?

A

superior end. projects upwards above first rib into floor of neck

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9
Q

what is the base of the lung?

A

inferior surface. sits onto diaphragm

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10
Q

what are the lobes of the lungs?

A

3 on the right, 2 on the left. separated by fissures within the lung

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11
Q

what are the surfaces of the lungs?

A

3 surfaces; costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic (correspond to area they face)

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12
Q

what are the borders of the lungs?

A

3 borders; anterior, inferior, posterior

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13
Q

how many lobes of right lung, what are they?

A

3; superior, middle, inferior

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14
Q

how many lobes of left lung, what are they?

A

2; superior and inferior

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15
Q

what is the oblique fissure of the lung?

A

runs from inferior border of lung in a superoposterior direction, meets the posterior lung border

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16
Q

what is the horizontal fissure of the lung? which lung only?

A

runs horizontally from sternum, at level of 4th rib, to meet the oblique fissure (only for right lung!)

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17
Q

what is the costal surface of the lung?

A

smooth and convex. faces internal surface of chest wall. related to costal pleura which separates it from the ribs and innermost intercostals

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18
Q

what is the mediastinal surface of the lung?

A

faces the lateral aspect of the mediastinum. lung hilum located on this surface

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19
Q

what is the diaphragmatic surface of the lung?

A

forms base of lung. sits on dome of diaphragm, concave shape. more concave in right lung due to liver

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20
Q

what is the anterior border of the lungs?

A

sharp, formed by converging of mediastinal and costal surfaces. on left lung marked by cardiac notch created by heart apex

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21
Q

what is the inferior border of the lungs?

A

sharp, separates base of lung from costal and mediastinal surfaces

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22
Q

what is the posterior border of the lungs?

A

smooth and rounded. formed by costal and mediastinal surfaces meeting posteriorly

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23
Q

what does the lung root contain? (6)

A

bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins(2), bronchial vessels, pulmonary plexus of nerves, lymphatic vessels

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24
Q

what is the hilum?

A

where lung root structures enter/leave the lung on mediastinal surface of lung

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25
Q

what is the bronchial tree?

A

passages supplying air to alveoli. begins with trachea, divides into left and right bronchus

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26
Q

which bronchus has higher incidennce of foreign boy inhalation and why?

A

right bronchus, wider and more vertical

27
Q

what does bronchus divide into?

A

in lung, bronchus divides into lobar bronchi

28
Q

what do lobar bronchi divide into?

A

into tertiary segmental bronchi

29
Q

what do tertiary segmental bronchi supply?

A

air to bronchopulmonary segments, the functional units of the lung

30
Q

what do segmental bronchi divide into?

A

bronchioles

31
Q

what do bronchioles divide into?

A

terminal bronchioles

32
Q

what do terminal bronchioles divide into?

A

respiratory bronchioles, where alveoli are and gas exchange occurs

33
Q

what is the tracheobronchial tree?

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

34
Q

what marks the beginning of the tracheobronchial tree?

A

the trachea

35
Q

where does the trachea start?

A

from the lower border of the cricoid cartilage (oppostie C6 body)

36
Q

where does trachea end?

A

continuation of larynx at level of sternal angle

37
Q

where does trachea bifurcate?

A

at left over sternal angle into right and left principle bronchi

38
Q

where is the trachea in relation to the oesophagus?

A

anterior to it

39
Q

where can the trachea be palated?

A

in midline in suprasternal notch at root of neck

40
Q

what holds open the trachea?

A

C shaped rings of cartilage, free ends supported by trachealis muscle

41
Q

what lines the trachea?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

42
Q

what is interspersed throughout trachea and what do they do?

A

goblet cells, produce mucus

43
Q

role of mucociliary escalator?

A

sweeping of cilia and mucus = inhaled particles trapped,, pathogens swallowed and destroyed or coughed out

44
Q

what are carina?

A

ridge of cartilage at bifurcation of trachea. runs antereoposteriorly between openings of 2 bronchi. most sensitive area for triggering cough reflex

45
Q

sensory innervation for trachea?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

46
Q

arterial supply of trachea?

A

inferior thyroid artery gives off tracheal branches

47
Q

venous drainage of trachea?

A

via brachiocephalic, azygos and accessory hemiazygous veins

48
Q

what are the lines of pleural reflection?

A

the limits of the parietal pleura where it lies close to the body surface

49
Q

what does the parietal pleura cover?

A

lines the thoracic wall, diaphragm, lateral aspect of mediastinum, extends into root of neck

50
Q

what does the visceral pleura cover?

A

covers the outer surface of the lungs, extends into the depths of the interlobar fissures

51
Q

where do the parietal and visceral pleuras become continuous?

A

at the hilum of each lung

52
Q

what is the pulmonary ligament?

A

loss fold of pleural cuff, allows for movement of pulmonary vessels and large bronchi during respiration

53
Q

what are the 3 parietal pleura divisions?

A

cervical, costal, diaphragmatic

54
Q

in deep respiration what happens to the pleural surfaces?

A

the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae separate

55
Q

what is the costodiaphagmatic recess?

A

lower area of pleural cavity where lung expands on inspiration

56
Q

parietal pleura is sensitive to? (4)

A

pain, temperature, touch and pressure

57
Q

costal pleura nerve supply?

A

intercostal nerves

58
Q

mediastinal pleura nerve supply?

A

phrenic nerve

59
Q

diaphragmatic pleura nerve supply?

A

over the domesby phrenic nerve, around periphery by lower 6 intercostal nerves

60
Q

visceral pleura sensitive to?

A

stretch

61
Q

visceral pleura nerve supply?

A

autonomic nerve supply from pulmonary plexus

62
Q

thoracic arteries; what? where?

A

arch of aorta, roots of brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries, lie behind the manubrium

63
Q

thoracic veins; what? where?

A

superior vena cava and terminal parts of r and l brachiocephalic veins, behind manubrium

64
Q

where do the internal thoracic vessels run?

A

posteriorly to costal cartilages, lateral to edge of sternum, as far as 6th intercostal space.

Anatomy Sem 2 (3 decks)

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