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Resp > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the lungs located

A

Either side of the mediastinum within the thoracic cavity, surrounded by the pleural cavity

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2
Q

What are the lung roots

A

Collection of structures entering and leaving the lungs

They suspend each lung from the mediastinum

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3
Q

What are the parts of the lungs

A

Apex
Base
Lobes
3 surfaces - costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic
3 borders - anterior, inferior and posterior

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4
Q

What is the lung apex

A

Superior end of the lung which extends above the level of the 1st rib

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5
Q

What is the lung base

A

Concave inferior surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm

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6
Q

How many lobes does each lung have

A

Left - 2 (superior and inferior)

Right - 3 (superior, middle and inferior)

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7
Q

How are the lung surfaces named

A

They correspond to the area of the thorax that they face

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8
Q

What divides the lungs into lobes

A

Fissures

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9
Q

What fissures divide the left lung

A

Left oblique fissure

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10
Q

What fissures divide the right lung

A

Right oblique fissure

Horizontal fissure

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11
Q

Where does the oblique fissure run from and to

A

From the inferior border to the posterior border in a superoposterior direction

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12
Q

Where does the horizontal fissure run from and to

A

From the sternum at the level of rib 4 to the oblique fissure in a horizontal direction

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13
Q

What surface is the hilum on

A

Mediastinal

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14
Q

Where is the mediastinal surface

A

Faces the lateral aspect of the middle mediastinum

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15
Q

Where is the diaphragmatic surface

A

Base of the lungs facing the diaphragm

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16
Q

Where is the costal surface

A

Faces the internal surface of the chest wall

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17
Q

What forms the anterior border

A

Anterior convergence of the mediastinal and costal surfaces

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18
Q

What difference is there between the anterior borders on the left and right lung

A

Anterior border of the left lung is marked by the cardiac notch

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19
Q

What does the inferior border separate

A

Base of the lung from the mediastinal and costal surfaces

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20
Q

What forms the posterior border

A

Posterior convergence of the costal and mediastinal surfaces

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21
Q

Which borders are smooth/sharp

A

Anterior and inferior borders are sharp

Posterior border is smooth

22
Q

What’s contained in the lung root

A 
Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins
Bronchial vessels
Pulmonary plexus of nerves 
Lymphatic vessels
23
Q

What is the hilum

A

Wedge shaped area on the mediastinal surface of each lung where structures enter and leave the lung

24
Q

Course of the trachea

A

Begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage in the neck
Terminates at the level of the sternal angle by dividing into the right and left bronchi

25
Q

What supports the C-shaped cartilage rings in the trachea

A

Trachealis muscle

26
Q

What is the carina

A

Angle between the right and left main bronchi

27
Q

What epithelia lines the trachea

A

Pseudo stratified ciliated epithelia

28
Q

Which bronchus are inspired objects more likely to fall into and why

A

Right main bronchus

It’s shorter, wider and more vertical

29
Q

Course of each bronchus

A

Enters the root of the lung through the hilum

They divide into lobar bronchi each suppling one lobe

30
Q

Length of each bronchus

A

Left - 5cm

Right - 2.5cm

31
Q

Where does the right main bronchus give off its lobar branches

A

Upper lobar branch comes off before reaching the hilum

Middle and lower lobar branches come off inside the lung

32
Q

What do lobar branches divid into

A

Segmental bronchi

33
Q

Where does the left main bronchus pass

A

Below the arch of aorta

Anterior to the descending aorta and oesophagus

34
Q

What does each segmental bronchus supply air to

A

A bronchopulmonary segment

35
Q

What do segmental bronchi divide into

A

Conducting bronchioles which lead to terminal bronchioles

36
Q

What do terminal bronchioles give off

A

Respiratory bronchioles which have alveoli

37
Q

Where do pulmonary arteries arise

A

Level of the sternal angle

38
Q

Blood supply of the lungs

A

Pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary -> lobar -> segmental arteries

39
Q

How are arteries and bronchi similar

A

They have parallel courses and branch simultaneously

40
Q

What are the pulmonary veins

A

Superior and inferior

41
Q

Oxygen content of pulmonary arteries/veins

A

Arteries are deoxygenated

Veins are oxygenated

42
Q

What does the middle lobe vein drain into

A

Right superior pulmonary vein

43
Q

What do bronchial arteries supply

A

Structures making up the root of the lungs
Supporting tissues of the lungs
Visceral pleura

44
Q

Arterial supply of the supporting tissues of the lungs

A

Thoracic aorta -> 2 left bronchial arteries

Thoracic aorta -> 3rd intercostal -> right bronchial artery

45
Q

What are the 2 groups of bronchial veins

A

Superficial

Deep

46
Q

What do the deep and superficial groups of bronchial veins drain

A

Superficial - visceral pleura and bronchi in the hilar region
Deep - rest of the bronchi

47
Q

What does the superficial group of bronchial veins drain into

A

Azygous vein on the right

Accessory hemiazygous on the left

48
Q

What does the deep group of bronchial veins drain into

A

Pulmonary vein

49
Q

Innervation of the lungs

A

Pulmonary plexus

50
Q

Sympathetic fibres of the pulmonary plexus

A

Sympathetic trunks

51
Q

Parasympathetic fibres of the pulmonary plexus

A

Vagus nerve

52
Q

Where do visceral afferent fibres of the pulmonary plexus conduct pain impulses to

A

Sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve

Resp (15 decks)

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