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Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the thoracic cage

A

Posteriorly - thoracic vertebrae
Anteriorly - sternum and costal cartilages
Laterally - ribs and intercostal spaces

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2
Q

What separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

A

Diaphragm

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3
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there

A

12

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4
Q

What do the ribs articulate with posteriorly and what joint is created

A

Vertebral column via the costo-vertebral joints

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5
Q

What do ribs 1-7 articulate with anteriorly

A

Sternum via costal cartilages

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6
Q

What do ribs 8-10 articulate with anteriorly

A

Costal cartilage superior to them

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7
Q

What is unique about ribs 11 and 12

A

They end free in the abdominal muscles (floating ribs)

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8
Q

What are the parts of a typical rib

A

Head
Neck
Tubercle
Shaft

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9
Q

What are rib heads

A

Wedge shaped with 2 articular facets (superior and inferior separated by a wedge of bone) for articulation with the body of the corresponding vertebra and the vertebra above

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10
Q

What does the rib neck connect

A

Head to the body at the level of the tubercle

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11
Q

What is the rib tubercle

A

An articular facet for articulation with the transverse process of the corresponding thoracic vertebra

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12
Q

What is the shaft of a rib

A

Thin, flat, curved part of the rib

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13
Q

Where does the rib shaft twist forwards

A

At the angle

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14
Q

What protects the intercostal vessels and nerves

A

Costal groove on the lower border of the rib shaft

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15
Q

How many processes do typical thoracic vertebrae have

A

7

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16
Q

What are demifacets

A

Inferior and superior pair of facets on the vertebral bodies for articulation with the head of ribs

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17
Q

What are costal facets

A

Facets on the transverse processes for articulation with the tubercles of ribs

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18
Q

Which ribs are ‘typical’

A

3-9

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19
Q

What is unique about thoracic spinous processes

A

They are long and slant inferiorly to protect the spinal cord

20
Q

What types of joints are costo-vertebral joints

A

Synovial

21
Q

What are the 2 costo-vertebral joints

A

Joint of the rib head

Costo-transverse joint

22
Q

What is the articulation of a joint of the rib head

A

Head of rib with the superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebra and the inferior costal facet of the vertebra above

23
Q

What is the articulation of the costo-transverse joint

A

Tubercle of rib with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

24
Q

Describe rib 1

A

Broadest
Shortest
Most curved

25
Q

Articulation of rib 1

A

T1 vertebra

26
Q

What grooves are on rib 1

A

Groove for the subclavian artery

Groove for the subclavian vein

27
Q

What separates the transverse grooves on rib 1

A

Scalene tubercle

28
Q

Articulation of rib 2

A

Bodies of T1-2

29
Q

What is on the upper surface of rib 2

A

Tuberosity for serratus anterior

30
Q

Which ribs have a single articular facet (for articulation with a single vertebra)

A

1
10
11
12

31
Q

Describe ribs 11 and 12

A

Short

No neck or tubercle

32
Q

Movement of ribs during ventilation involves which joints

A

Costo-vertebral joints

33
Q

What are the types of ribs

A

Typical

Atypical

34
Q

What structures are most at risk in rib fractures

A

Lungs
Spleen
Diaphragm

35
Q

What is flail chest

A

More than one rib is fractured so the thoracic muscles no longer control the affected area.
The affected area displays a paradoxical movement during ventilation which impairs full expansion of the rib cage and reduces O2 content of the blood

36
Q

Treatment for flail chest

A

Fixing the affected ribs to prevent their paradoxical movement

37
Q

Shape of thoracic vertebral bodies

A

Heart shaped

38
Q

Which vertebrae have demifacets

A

T2-9

39
Q

Parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

40
Q

What occurs to the sternum during adulthood

A

Cartilage separating the parts ossifies

41
Q

Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicle

A

Manubrium forming the sternoclavicular joint

42
Q

What is the sternal angle

A

Articulation of the manubrium with the body at the level of the 2nd intercostal space

43
Q

Which ribs does the manubrium articulate with

A

1

Part of 2

44
Q

Which ribs does the body of sternum articulate with

A

Part of 2
3-6
Part of 7

45
Q

What vertebral level is the xiphoid process at

A

T10

46
Q

What is the most common type of sternum fracture

A

Comminuted

47
Q

What is the most common site of sternum fracture

A

Manubriosternal joint

Resp (15 decks)

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