Lungs

Question 1

What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?

Answer 1

• Dyspnea
• Wheezing
• Cough
• Sputum
• Use of Accessory Muscles
• May be worse at Night

Question 2

What are the interventions for Asthma?

Answer 2

• Assess frequently for respiratory rate and depth, nasal flaring, pursed-lip breathing
• Assess breath sounds
• Position in Fowler’s
• Monitor O2 saturation and ABGs
• Compare pulmonary function tests with norms

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of Pneumothorax?

Answer 3

• Shallow, Rapid respirations
• Asymmetrical chest expansion
• Dyspnea
• Chest pain
• Absent breath sounds over affected area
• Tracheal deviation (to the unaffected side)
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension
• Cyanosis
• Shock and Death if Untreated

Question 4

What are the interventions for Pneumothorax?

Answer 4

• Support respiratory function (high O₂)
• Surgery as required
• Chest tube
• Dx
  
  • Hx and Physical exam
  • Chest X-ray
  • ABGs, SaO₂

Question 5

What are the signs and symptoms of Tuberculosis?

Answer 5

• Progressive fatigue
• Lethargy
• Nausea
• Anorexia
• Low-grade fever, night sweats
• Non-productive cough or hemoptysis

Question 6

What are the interventions for Tuberculosis?

Answer 6

• Strict adherence to drug regimens

Question 7

What are the drugs for TB?

Answer 7

• Isoniazid (INH)
• Rifampin
• Pyrazinamide
• Ethambutolor streptomycin

Question 8

What are the signs and symptoms for Pleural effusions?

Answer 8

• large effusions impair lung expansion and cause dyspnea

Question 9

What is a pleural effusion?

Answer 9

• a collection of fluid in pleural space usually secondary to another disease process

Question 10

What are the interventions for pleural effusions?

Answer 10

• provide respiratory comfort
• Dx
  
  • chest x-ray
  • thoracentesis
  • chest tube

Question 11

What are crackles?

Answer 11

• wet or crinkly sounds from the lungs on inspiration
• caused by fluid in the lungs r/t obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, pneumonia, heart failure

Question 12

What are wheezes?

Answer 12

• whistling sound heard on expiration
• caused by a narrowing of the brachial

Question 13

What are rhonchi?

Answer 13

• Rattling, continuous and low-pitched breath sounds; similar to snoring
• caused by secretions in larger airways or obstructions

Question 14

What are pleural rubs?

Answer 14

• a friction or grating sound heard during both inspiration and expiration
• caused by inflammation of the visceral and/or parietal pleura and a lack of pleural fluid

Question 15

Teaching related to COPD

Answer 15

• Stop smoking
• improve activity intolerance
• promote maximal self-management
• promote improved coping ability
• Adherence to therapeutic regimen
• Absence of complications

Question 16

Teaching related to laryngectomy

Answer 16

• reduce anxiety by informing pt of what is/will happen
• maintain pt airway
• promote alternative communication
• promote adequate nutrition and hydration
• promote positive body image
• promote self-care management
• monitor and manage complications
  
  • respiratory distress
  • infection
  • wound breakdown
  • tracheostomal stenosis

Question 17

priorities for bronchoscopy

Answer 17

• remove dentures and oral prosthesis before surgery
• NPO 4-8 h prior and until gag reflex returns
• explain procedure to reduce anxiety

Question 18

Priorities for thoracentesis

Answer 18

• Teach on the importance of remaining immobile
  
  • that pressure sensations will be felt
  • that minimal discomfort anticipated following the procedure
• Obtain baseline VS

Question 19

Thrombolytic drugs include

Answer 19

• -arin; -plase clot busters
• Heparin
• warfarin
• xarelto
• ateplase
• reteplase

Question 20

What is Methylprednisolone

Answer 20

a systemic corticosteroid used to treat asthma

Question 21

Iv rate

flow rate (mL/hr) = total volume (mL) ÷ infusion time (hr)

infusion time (hr) = total volume (mL) ÷ flow rate (mL/hr)

total volume (mL) = flow rate (mL/hr) × infusion time (hr)