Lungs Flashcards
Parietal Pleura
lies on the internal surface of the thoracic walls
Costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical (cupula)
Pulmonary ligament
inferior extension of pleura which tethers the lung to the diaphragm
Pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura, become rough, no longer slide over each other.
causes referred pain to the shoulder via phrenic n.
Innervation of the pleura
Phrenic n.–>
IC nerves–> costal portion
Internal thoracic nerves–>paracadiophrenic n.–> diaphragmatic and mediastinal portions
Bare area of the heart
an area of pericardium in direct contact with the anterior thoracic wall
created by the part of the left lung which turns laterally at the 4th costal cartilage to create the cardiac notch
opening for pericardiocentesis
Pleural reflections and recesses
(rib) 2: Visceral and parietal pleura and very close
4-Visceral and parietal pleura and very close
6- L lung visceral pleura is pushed laterally for the heart, slightly more divergence b/w layers
8- diverged at MCL
10 and 12: large gap b/w visceral and parietal pleura ( costodiaphragmatic recess)
Pneumothorax
when the pleura are punctured causing air to enter thereby creating a “ real space”
lung collapses
-hemothorax=blood, hydrothorax=water, chylothorax=lymph, empymema=pus
costomediastinal recess
where mediastinal and costal pleura meet on anterior/medial
small area where lungs do not completely occupy the space during quiet respiration
costodiaphragmatic recess
where costal pleura contacts diaphragmatic pleura near the diaphragm
small area where lungs do not completely occupy the space during quiet respiration
may be damaged during procedures in the abdomen (think kidney surgery)
level of visceral and parietal pleuras at MCL
6th and 8th rib
level of visceral and parietal pleuras at midaxillary
8th and 10th
level of visceral and parietal pleuras at scapular line
10th and 12th
tension pneumothorax
damage to visceral or parietal pleura–>air into pleural space thru a one way valve –>air can’t leave–>increased intrathoracic pressure–> shift heart and stuff to contralateral side
- –>Beck’s triad:
1) distended neck veins
2) muffled heart sounds
3) hypotension
Right lung
2 fissures (oblique and horizontal) 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior) wider/more vertical primary bronchi 3 secondary bronchi 10 bronchopulmonary segments
Left Lung
1 fissure ( oblique 2 lobes (superior, inferior) cardiac notch and lingula 2 secondary bronchi 8 bronchopulmonary segments
Location of the lung
apex=first rib
@ MCL the lung projects to rib 6
@ mid-axillary line the lung projects to rib 8
@ scapular line the lung projects to rib 10
Bronchopulmonary segments
smallest functional unit of the lung area supplied by 1 tertiary bronchus and associated artery pulmonary veins run inb/w segments divided by CT septa (intersegmental)
Pulmonary arteries
carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the heart
-in the lung they run with bronchial airways
1/segment
blocked in a pulmonary embolism
pulmonary veins
superior and inferior veins
return O2 blood to LA
originate in alveoli and travel intersegmental
bronchial arteries
from the thoracic aorta
2L 1R
supplies trachea and bronchi
Sympathetic innervation of lungs
mostly comes from the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves (POSTGANGLIONIC)
Efferent: VC, BD, inhibit gland secretion
Afferent: acute pain
Parasympathetic innervation of lungs
Vagus nerve
efferent: VD?, BC, gland secretion
Pancoast Tumor/syndrome
Malignant neoplasm of superior lobe of the lung that compresses brachial plexus and cervical SNS ganglia
1) Shoulder pain rad toward axill and scapula
2) Pain along ulnar aspect of the muscles of the hand
3) atrophy of hand and arm muscles
4) horner’s (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis)
