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pharm 2 > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

What are some things that can start an asthma attack

A

aspirin, beta blockers, Dairy products. mold, Ibuprofen, preservatives, nuts.

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2
Q

4 s/s of asthma

A

Swelling, mucus, spasms of bronchioles. Maybe cough

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3
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Bronchitis-Excessive mucus

Emphysema- loss of elasticity and destruction of alveoli

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4
Q

Comorb for COPD

A

Cardiac disease

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5
Q

Two types of asthma drugs

A

Quick release and long term

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6
Q

What are the quick release classes for asthma

A

SABA-Short acting beta2 adrenergic antagonists-Bronc dilators
Anticholenergics-Bronchodilators
Cortico Steroids- Antiinflammatorys

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7
Q

What are the long acting meds for asthma

A

Mast cell stabilizers-Antiinflammatory
Leukotriene modifiers-Antiinflammatory
Methylxanthines-Bronchodilators
Monoclonal antibodies-Biologic therapy

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8
Q

Where are corticosteroids secreted from? and what kinds are there?

A

Adrenal gland
mineral- Aldosterone -retention of na and water

Gluco- stress metab
cortisol
gonad-sex hormones

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9
Q

Glucosteroids effects 6

A

Suppress immune response, promote broncho dilation sim, increase BG, break down lipids for energy. break down bones, stabilize mast cells inhibit inflam mediators.

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10
Q

steroids 4AE

A

Peptic ulcer, inhibit insulin,
long term osteoporosis,
impaired wound healing

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11
Q

dosing for steroids

A

low and gradually increase
alternate- intermediate acting-prevent adrenal atrophy
attempt to admin locally to reduce systemically

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12
Q

hydrocortisone kind of steroid and MA

A

corticosteroid
MA-Replaces glucocorticosteroids, block inflam, and allergic reactions
AE-Long term large doses can make cushings

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13
Q

What are the drug interactions for steroids? 1

A

Potassium wasting diuretics-increases risk of hypok
NSAIDS-Ulcer
Insulin and oral hypoglycemics- may need to adjust dose
Live vaccines-risk for infection

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14
Q

Patient teaching with steroids

A

Tapper

If stopped- adrenal glads go into adrenal insufficiency-hypotension, lethargy, renal fail, asthenia, nausea, vomit

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15
Q

Good things about estrogen 4

A

Increases HDL and Decreases LDL
Help with Menopause
protects boney matrix
Pallative care with men with terminal prostate cancer blocks androgen

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16
Q

Name of estrogen
uses 5
Ma

A 
Conjugated estrogen premarin 
Hypogonadism 
oophorectomy
post men 
end prostate cancer 
Bind to intracellular estrogen receptors-stimulate proteins needs for bio effects of estrogen
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17
Q

AE of estrogen minor 5

Major 7

A

HA cramping bloating, breast tenderness, vaginal bleeding
PE, DVT, stroke
Increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer
increased risk of endometrial cancer in postmen women
increased risk of dementia
cat x preg

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18
Q

Progestin indications 4

A

Uterine abnormalities, uterine bleeding, inop endometrial carcinoma, Pre menopause replacement therapy

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19
Q

Progesterone AE 6

major-4

A

Minor- breast tenderness, breakthrough bleeding, weight gain, depression, N/V
Major-Increased risk of breast cancer, clots, MI- With estrogen
preg x

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20
Q

Hormone Therapy oral contraceptives indications 5
MA
And what do they use

A

Contraception, Heavy bleeding, acne, endometriosis, Hirsutism,
Prevent ovulation by sending negative feedback message to pituitary- suppresses LH and FSH
Estrogen and progestin

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21
Q

Side Effects of Contraceptives

Minor-4 Major 4 one good thing

A

Minor-Nausea, breast tenderness, weight gain, breakthrough bleeding.
Major- Thromboemboli disorders.
NO SMOKING-Huge risk of cardio disease esp if over 35
Increased risk of breast cancer and CI if someone has cancer
Preg x
Reduced chance of ovarian and endometrial cancers are reduced

22
Q

Testosterone functions 5

A 
Promotes synth of erythropoietin 
Growth of skeletal mm and bone
maintenance of libido 
puberty
spermatogenesis
23
Q

Indication
men 3
women 2
both 2

A

Hypogonadism, delayed puberty, ED
low libido, Advanced breast cancer
Mm wasting, anemia

24
Q

Testosterone AE 4
1 bbw
CI 2 and preg cat

A

Edema-salt and water retention, Increased or decreased libido, Hapatotoxicity-long term use, Sterility,
BBW- Virilization in women and children deep voice and hirutism
CI-Men with breast or prostratic carcinomas
gels should be avoided in boys and women
Cat x

25
Q

Androgen use

AE 7

A 
Athletes
Acne, 
edems-HTN, 
depression/mania/aggression
Increases LDL and liver tox 
sterility
impotence
Testicular atrophy
26
Q

What is the infertility medication MI for women and men
AE 5
Preg cat?

A

Clomiphene
W induces ovulation by stimulating the release of LH resulting in maturation of more follicles than normal
M Spermatogenesis
AE- Weight gain, hot flashes, PMS symptoms, multiple gestations, gynecomastia
Cat x

27
Q

ED med

MA

A

Sildenafil

Relaxes smooth mm in corpus caverosa- vasodilates the penile arterioles and results in erection

28
Q

Sildenafil AE 6
CI- 2
alternative med

A

Hypotension, dizzy, flushing, Prapism- 6 hr, Blurred vison or changes in color
CI- antihypertensives, Organic nitrates-severe hypotension and death.
Tadalafil-safer in HF or MI less hypotesnsives.

29
Q

Surg for BPH
and
Drugs 2

A

TURRP
5 alpha reductase inhibitors
Alpha adrenergic antagonists

30
Q

Alpha reductase inhib drug
MA-2
Time?
one more

A 
Finasteride 
Inhibits conversation of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone 
shrinks prostate 
over 3-6 months
cant cure if med stops it regrows
31
Q

AE finasteride 7

A 
Blocks test
Decrease libido, gynecomastia
impotence
infertility
Increased hair growth 
preg women should not handle
32
Q

What is the alpha adrenergic antag treat?
Name
MA and ine thing about that
and one more thing

A

BPH
Tamsulosin
selectivly blocks alpha- relaxes smooth mm of bladder neck, prostate gland, and urethra. It is selective- but not like other drugs in the class.
improves urine flow in 1-2 weeks.

33
Q

Opioids receptors and a little about them

A

mu-main that helps with high pain rr depression
Euphoria, sedation decreases BP rr constricted pupils and itching causes and constipation
kappa-dysphoric or hallucination
delta

34
Q

4 indications ops

A

Cough suppressant, depression, relax, constipation pain

35
Q

Relaxation and ICP

A

Relaxation can increase CO2 and CO2 can cause dilation and this can cause ICP

36
Q

OP classifications

A

Agonist- Morphine, codeine
Agonist antagonist pentazocine
Antag- naloxone

37
Q

Blocking opioid receptors

A

blocking op receptors can bring on withdrawal s/s

38
Q 
Morphine 
MA
AE-11
CI-6
Two more thing
A

Mu and Kappa receptors
AE Resp depression, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, unrine retention, cough suppression, biliary colic, n, v, dysphoria, euphoria, miosis, itching
CI- preg premature infants, head injury, ICP, COPD other resp issues
FIrst pass effect so PO needs higher dose
equal analgezic dosing-like step down

39
Q

there other opioid agonist and about them

A

Meperidine-Toxic metabolites, seizure risk, used for shivering in post op. not so much any more. narcan wont work
Methadone-Orally effective long half life for dependency
Codeine-Cough suppressant for mild to mod pain not for kids

40
Q

pentazocine
MA
one advantage other drugs

A

Mixed antag weak at mu and a ag at kappa , low mu lower risks,
no euphoria can give with naloxone
nalburphine and buprenorphine

41
Q 
Tramadol 
what is it categorized as? 
MA
For?
AE2 one CI
3 more things about it.
A

Mixed opioid and no opioid. Very weak bind to mu. s/n reuptake in spinal cord.
acute or chronic pain. CNS excitation or depression. not for peds.
10x weaker than codine so non op- but can be abused. For mod pain.

42
Q

First and second gen COx inhib

A

1-both

2-2- only one drug cela

43
Q

3 types of NSAIDS

A

Salicilates, ibuphropen, cylcooxigenase 2

44
Q

cox 1 desirable effects and what is it
where is it found?
one thing it does
four adverse effects of blocking it

A

Decrease in acid, increased platelet aggregation, renal protection, vasodilation, bronchodilation
cytoprotective prostaglandins
Endothilium
submucosal blood supply
gastric problems, bleeding, renal impairment, prevention of MI/Stroke

45
Q

Cox 2 undesirable effects and what is it
where is it found
what does it do? 5
inhibition-4

A

Inflam, pain, fever, decreased platelet aggregation
Inflammatory prostaglandins
injured tissue- gut and kidney
fever and increased perception of pain supports kidneys, inflammation, sensitizes pain receptors
inhibition- antiinflam, pain alleviation, reduces fever, renal impairment

46
Q 
asprin 
1 thing 
4 AE
Preg class and about that 
Drug interactions- 5
A

Asprin irreversibly inhibits cox one
PPI-issues
Hearing loss
liver tox
suppress contractions
preg c or d- Ductus close early, low birth weight, IC hem
warfarin, steroids, alcohol. ibuprofen, acetaminophen,

47
Q 
Non asprin 1 st gen NSAIDS 
two things compared to asprin 
one thing its indicated for
one thing it is not indicated for
2 drug names and one thing about both
A 
Fewer side effects that ASA 
bbw increase risk for stroke MI
dysmenorrhea 
no preg no cardio conditions 
Ibuphrofen-Less stomach upset than aspirin , ketoroloac- No more than five days use
48
Q

What is the cox 2 inhib

6 things about it

A

Celecoxib
Less gi, thrombotic issues, watch for kidney and liver issues and increased risk of bleeding.
colorectal polyps protection
dont take with diuretics or ace in because or reduced bp effects.

49
Q

Acetaminophen
MA
and interactions-2

A

Inhibits PG in the CNS

alcohol- greater metabolism and liver damage and may inhibit warfarin

50
Q

Ace is for

and remember why you are putting this what is the other drug that works for this

A

Osteoarthritis

Asprin

51
Q

Non biologic dmards drugs and about them

A

Methotrexate- First line, folic acid antag and imminosupressant used for carcinomas and leukemias and after a kidney transplant. psoriasis and RA GI ulceration, hep tox, preg x
and sulfasalazine sulfonomide daily dosing improvement within one month, RA good for kids, chrons and UC

AE- Gi issues change
Cat x- hepatotoxic

52
Q

What are the Biologic DMARDS
what class
what three drugs
what is adverse effect

A

TNF antag pot immuno sup
Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab
INFECTIONS cancer increases with kids

pharm 2 (8 decks)

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