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Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

When do we treat BP

A

130/80

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2
Q

Primary vs secondary HT

A

primary no cause

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3
Q

difference between 1st line antihypertensives and second line what are the classes for each?

A

first -proven to decrease morbidity and mortality
1-Diuretics, ACE, ARB, CCBs
2- adrenergic antagonists-beta blockers and direct acting vasodilators

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4
Q

where are ang 1 and 11 in the body?

A

1-In the blood

11- in the lungs endothelium

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5
Q

what does Ang 11 do? 3 be specific

A

Vasoconstricts VASCULAR smooth mm
Increases sympathetic Nervous system
Increases aldosterone-increases Na+ reabsorption

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6
Q

What three things do ACE inhibs do?

A

Decrease peripheral resistance
decrease blood volume
decrease hypertrophy- added benefit

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7
Q

ACE inhib saying

A

In ACEPRIL Brady lost a baby because of heartfail, HTN and Acute MI

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8
Q

What does a build up of bradkinin do in the body and one more thing about it

A

It causes inflammation angioedema, and cough

Small chance of hyperK because of decrease in aldosterone

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9
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

A steroid hormone made by the adrenal cortex (the outer layer of the adrenal gland). It helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping sodium in and releasing potassium from the body.

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10
Q

What is the difference between ARBS and ACE inhibs?

A

The site-

ARBS- block ANG 11 at site so ang 2 is still made

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11
Q

Uses of ARBS 5

A

prevents HTN, scaring, renal damage, decrease in diabetic neuropothy and decrease stroke risk

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12
Q

ARBs trick and 2 things

A

At the start of Arbor day. I took lithium and lost a baby

Plus hypo risks including HA and angioedema and cough are rare because there is not a build up of bradykinin

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13
Q

Differences in CCB

What they do and drug names

A

Dihydropyridines and non- Nifedipine
d-Vascular smooth mm

nond- Vascular smooth mm and Myocardium so works on dysR
both- HTN and Angina-Verapamil and diltrazem

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14
Q

AE of nifedipine and way to remember it

A

increase dig levels=bradycardia alcohol=increase in vasodilation and drop in BP
a wet knife gives you a chub

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15
Q

How to remember the dihydropyridines

A

vera likes to use a dry dildo it can decrease or increase her heart rate and she likes to drink wine because grapefruit juice increases the effects of her drug and decreases her HR shes peripheral edema

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16
Q

Reflex tachy

A

120-130

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17
Q

Beta blockers

A

Adrenergic antags beta blockers
Block fight or flight decrease bp, hr, co
LOL at a blockbuster is good for your heart

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18
Q

What is first line for HTN

A

Diuretics, ACE, ARBS, CCBS

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19
Q

What are the secondline tx for HTN

A

Beta blockers and Direct acting

20
Q

What are the direct acting AHTN

A

Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Nitroprusside

there is a mino reading a magazine about how to direct a pussy

21
Q

be careful with what drugs/

A

dihydro and hydrolazine
and
diltrazem-ccb and minoxidil

22
Q

Hydralazine mnemonic and 3 things

A

The magazine is mod-severly inappropriate if it goes wrong you will get a fast heart rate, stomach issues, and edema.
It only works on arterioles so no issues with ortho. For emergencies or if others fail
caution with depressed kids- MAOIS ( Decrease BP) and kidneys

23
Q

Minoxidil 2

A

The mino has hair and is more toxic than the mag

24
Q

Nitroprusside sodium

A

Only use pussy in an EMERGENCY dia- >120
it will relax your smooth mm but only for a little
You need to continually monitor it and little relfex tachy

25
How is heart fail classified?
Heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic needs of the body
26
R side heart fail
Weak- organ enlargement- esp liver
27
L heart fail 2 kinds about both and about both-3
Systolic - More common decrease CO from decrease in contractility or diastolic- Too stiff to relax and cant fill CO is not afffected backs up into lungs there is pressure in the vents Fluid retention in pulm caps hypertrophy BNP
28
Causes of heart fail means and give 5 examples
Acceleration of weakening heart mm | Chronic HTN, Myocardial infarction, Mitral stenosis, diabetes, coronary art disease
29
S/s of heart fail apear? | 6 examples
Arise when compensation stops working decreased CO ventricular hypertrophy Cardiac remodeling Activation of SNS- vasoconstriction and increased HR increase plasma volume decreased blood flow to the kidneys=RAAS=Na+ and H2o retention=fluidload=Cough dif breathing when laying down.
30
drugs that affect preload in heart fail 4 | and one that effects SNS and one thing about it
Diuretics, vasodilators, ACE, ARBS | Beta blockers reverses remodeling
31
What drug is the cardiac glucoside and what the uses? MA?
digoxin- dysR and HF increases CO and contractility | Affect sodium potassium pump- Na stays out and calcium joins=contraction
32
three benefits of dig
increase urine output because more blood flow to the kidneys decrease HR-more fill time potential to reverse symptoms of CHF
33
what are the AE for dig? 4 go in-depth on one
DysR ventricular- SCD Dig tox Visual disterb HypoK- K competes for binding sites with dig if there is a decrease in k then dig tox
34
Drug interactions with Dig 2
Beta blockers decrease HR and anything that decreases k
35
Nursing considerations for dig 3
Long 1/2 life hold if Hr is below 60 narrow saftey- 0.5-2.0
36
What causes too much fluid in the body
Hypertn, heart fail, chronic kid disease, liver fail, pulmonary conditions, anascara
37
What are the five types of diuretics with names and where they are located
``` Loop-furos-loop of hen ascending thiazides-early seg of distal convoluted tube k sparing spiro-distal tube osmotic-manito- proximal tube carbonic anhydrase-? all? ```
38
Teaching with diuretics 7
``` Give in am weigh 2 lb 24 hour rule K=fruits and veggies take with food or milk avoid dehydration avoid getting up fast BP every day hold if 90/60 ```
39
loop
That bro henley is in the loop so he is the best he kicks out that simple guy porter and k he is great with that kid with the disease but he is hard of hearing, he has gout and is hypoglycemic. we dont give him insulin, or dig but we do need to give him potassium
40
what BP is too low
90/60
41
thiazides
End in zide yay most prescribed for HTN That guy mic is mildly cool he is friends with henley but blocks that simple guy porter in a different spot and gets rid of k although hes a dick to that kid with the disease he can hear but he also has gout and hypoglycemia we also only dont give him insulin
42
potassium sparing
spironolatone This spirochete fights aldosterone but spares K but he takes 2 days to do it because he is mild. Because he spares k he may have dysR, parathesia, fatigue. We dont know if the bird is male or female but we do know they are a perv so no babies or breast feeding around them.
43
What are sex characteristic names and what drug causes them
gynecomastia- enlargement of breast tissue impotence-ED menstrual abnormalities, breast tenderness and hirsutism- unwanted hair spiro
44
osmotic diuretic
manitol Tx kid injury ICP Glaucoma off label- sweetener
45
Carbonic Anhydrase inhbitor
Acetazolamide inhibits enzyme that reabsorbs bicarb so na doesnt get reabsorbed mild and can cause metabolic acidosis use to tx glaucoma and motion sick

pharm 2 (8 decks)

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