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Respiratory Physiology > Lung Volumes and Capacities > Flashcards

Lung Volumes and Capacities Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of vital capacity (VC) ?

A

the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after maximal inhalation

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2
Q

what is the equation for vital capacity (VC) ?

A

inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
IRV + TV + ERV

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3
Q

what is the definition of tidal volume (TV) ?

A

the volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal quiet breath

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4
Q

what is a normal tidal volume (TV) ?

A

500mL

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5
Q

what is a normal vital capacity (VC) ?

A

2400mL

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6
Q

in restrictive lung diseases what is the FEV1/FVC ratio and why?

A

normal or increased
FEV1 decreases
FVC also decreases, but more drastically due to limited lung expansion

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7
Q

what can happen due to pulmonary fibrosis?

A

fibrosis = scarring = thicker alveolar walls = long diffusion time (slower gas transfer across alveoli)

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8
Q

what is the definition of FEV1?

A

the volume of air forcefully exhaled in the 1st second after maximal inhalation

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9
Q

how can airway resistance be calculated?

A

Poiseuille’s Law
it is inversely proportionate to the radius^4

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10
Q

what bronchioles have the least resistance?

A

terminal bronchioles

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11
Q

what bronchioles have the greatest resistance?

A

intermediate bronchioles

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12
Q

what is the definition of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) ?

A

the volume of additional air inhaled above the tidal volume

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13
Q

what is a normal inspiratory reserve volume?

A

3000mL

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14
Q

what is the definition of total lung capacity?

A

the total volume of air in the lungs after maximal inhalation

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15
Q

what is the equation for total lung capacity?

A

vital capacity+ residual volume
VC + RV

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16
Q

what is the definition of expiratory reserve volume (ERV) ?

A

additional volume of air exhaled above the tidal volume during maximal expiration

17
Q

what is a normal expiratory reserve volume (ERV) ?

A

1000mL

18
Q

what is the definitional of functional residual capacity (FRC) ?

A

the amount of air left in the lungs after quiet exhalation of tidal volume

19
Q

what is the equation for functional residual capacity (FRC) ?

A

expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
ERV + RV

20
Q

what is the definition of lung compliance in relation to volume and pressure?

A

the change in volume that the lungs achieve per unit change in pressure

21
Q

what is the definition of residual volume (RV) ?

A

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation

22
Q

what is a normal residual volume (RV) ?

A

1200mL

23
Q

what is the definition of anatomical dead space?

A

areas of the body where there is no gas exchange but there is ventilation
i.e trachea
constant value

24
Q

what is a normal functional residual capacity (FRC) ?

A

2400mL

25
Q

what is alveolar dead space?

A

space in the alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused

26
Q

what is the definition of minute ventilation?

A

the product of tidal volume and respiratory rate

27
Q

what is the calculation for minute ventilation?

A

tidal volume (mL) + breaths/min
unit = mL/min

28
Q

what is a normal total lung capacity?

A

6000mL

29
Q

what is surfactant made of?

A

phospholipids

30
Q

what is the definition of inspiratory capacity?

A

the volume of air inhaled during maximal inhalation after normal exhalation?

31
Q

what is a normal inspiratory capacity?

A

3500mL

32
Q

what is a normal vital capacity?

A

male - 4500mL
female - 3500mL

33
Q
A

Respiratory Physiology (3 decks)

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