Control of Breathing Flashcards
what are the muscles of forced expiration?
internal intercostal muscles
what are the accessory muscles of inspiration?
sternocleidomastoid muscles
serratus anterior
scalene muscles
levator scapulae
what are the accessory muscles of expiration?
internal intercostal muscles
rectus abdominus
quadrates lumborum
latissis dorsi
transversus abdominis
external oblique muscles
internal oblique muscles
what muscles are used in normal inspiration?
the external intercostal muscles support the diaphragm
where is the respiratory centre?
in the medulla and pons
what does the respiratory centre do?
controls the basic breathing pattern
where are central chemoreceptors found?
on the ventral surface of the medulla
where is the central expiratory centre?
in the ventral respiratory group in pons
where is the central inspiratory centre?
in the dorsal respiratory group in the pons
where are peripheral chemoreceptors for oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions?
carotid and aortic bodies
where is the apneustic centre?
in the lower pons
what does the pro-botzinger complex do ?
it is the medullary rhythm generator
regulates normal bretahing
how do peripheral chemoreceptors control ventilation rate?
they respond to the pO2 in arterial blood
also respond to H+ levels in CSF
- central chemoreceptors fire in response to H+ ions and increase ventilation
what are H+ levels in CSF a proximal measure of ?
PCO2 in blood
CO2 diffuses from blood into the CSF forming H+ ions
how do peripheral chemoreceptors control repspiratory rate?
they are sensitive to fluctuations in CSF fluid pH
- pH decrease = increase RR
- pH increase = decrease RR
respond to PCO2
- PCO2 increases = increase RR
can repsond to PO2, but not as sensitive to it
- needs to fall below 60mmHg
